Antenna and Accessory FAQs
- How Are Antennas Classified? Which Antennas Are Often Used by Huawei?
- Which WLAN Components Are Commonly Used?
- Can Antennas Amplify Signals?
- What Is Antenna Coverage?
- Is the Antenna Gain Determined During Production? Can the Antenna Gain Be Adjusted?
- What Are Requirements on a Multi-band Combiner?
- Which Passive Components Are Commonly Used?
- What Are the Antenna Tilt, Field Angle, and Beam Angle?
- In Which Scenario Does the Indoor AP Apply To?
- In Which Scenario Does the Outdoor AP Apply To?
- What Are the Requirements for the Pole Dimensions When an Antenna Is Installed on a Pole?
- How Do I Determine the Feeder Length When Installing Antennas?
- What Are the Azimuth and Downtilt of Directional Antennas?
- What Are the Differences Between Dual-Polarized and Single-Polarized Antennas?
- How Do I Select Outdoor Large-Gain Antennas for Transmission and Relay?
How Are Antennas Classified? Which Antennas Are Often Used by Huawei?
The following antenna types are used:
- Usage: communication antennas, television antenna, radar antenna
- Working frequency band: short wave antenna, ultra-short wave antenna, microwave antenna
- Direction: omnidirectional antenna, directional antenna
- Appearance: wire antenna, mesh antenna
Huawei often uses the following antennas:
- Indoor antenna
- Indoor omnidirectional/directional ceiling mount antenna
- Indoor directional antenna
- Indoor SMA antenna
- Indoor omnidirectional/directional ceiling mount antenna
- Outdoor antenna
- 2.4G&5G omnidirectional antenna
- 2.4G&5G directional antenna
- Backhaul antenna
- 2.4G&5G omnidirectional antenna
Which WLAN Components Are Commonly Used?
The following WLAN components are commonly used:
- Splitter: divides a signal into two or more signals.
- Coupler: divides a signal on a port into uneven signals on multiple output ports.
- Attenuator/Load: reduces the amplitude or power of a signal without appreciably distorting its waveform. The load is a special attenuator with unlimited attenuation. The load connects to the unused output radio port, preventing radio interference.
- Combiner: combines radio signals of multiple systems over one channel and distributes receive signals over one channel to ports of each system without interference. Combiners are classified into single-band combiners and multiple-channel combiners.
- Connector:
- N-type connector
- SMA connector
- N-type connector
- Protection components
- Surge protection device
- Other protection components: optical fiber tube, ground cable, and waterproof tape
- Surge protection device
Can Antennas Amplify Signals?
Antennas are passive components. They can only collect wireless signals, but cannot amplify signals. A smaller antenna angle indicates a higher gain.
What Is Antenna Coverage?
The antenna coverage depends on the antenna angle and gain. The antenna coverage area is similar to a taper.
Is the Antenna Gain Determined During Production? Can the Antenna Gain Be Adjusted?
No, the gain is a fixed attribute of an antenna and cannot be adjusted.
What Are Requirements on a Multi-band Combiner?
A multi-band combiner must support proper working frequency bands, provide filtering functions, and it is recommended that the isolation between ports should be greater than 80 dB. A proper isolation degree reduces interference between different systems.
What Are the Antenna Tilt, Field Angle, and Beam Angle?
Antenna tilt: angle between the antenna emission direction and the horizontal direction.
Field angle: angle between the two directions opposed to each other over the beam axis for which the luminous intensity is half that of the maximum luminous intensity.
The field angle often refers to the beam angle.
In Which Scenario Does the Indoor AP Apply To?
The indoor AP applies to middle-scale deadzone coverage or important public places such as hotels, airports, and conference centers. The indoor AP does not apply to networks demanding high capacity.
The following figure shows the indoor distribution system.
The following figure shows hotel WLAN coverage scenario.
In Which Scenario Does the Outdoor AP Apply To?
The outdoor AP applies to squares, residential areas, schools, dormitories, campuses, open areas with dense population, commercial streets that have high requirements for wireless data services.
The following figure shows campus WLAN coverage scenario.
What Are the Requirements for the Pole Dimensions When an Antenna Is Installed on a Pole?
To allow the installation of an antenna, a pole must be no thinner than 2.5 mm. A 50 mm diameter pole made of round steel is usually used.
How Do I Determine the Feeder Length When Installing Antennas?
Determine the installation position of antennas based on the Line of Sight (LOS), and the installation position of APs based on power supply modes, data to be transmitted, and environmental conditions. Determine the feeder length according to the distance between APs and antennas.
The longer the feeder, the weaker the signal strength within the antenna coverage scope. Use feeders as short as possible to connect antennas and APs.
The required bend radius of radio cables is as follows: RG-8U feeders longer than 150 mm, 1/2-inch feeders longer than 50 mm, and 7/8-inch feeders longer than 250 mm. (1 inch = 25.4 mm.)
What Are the Azimuth and Downtilt of Directional Antennas?
- Azimuth is the angle from the north plane to the antenna plane clockwise.
- Downtilt is the angle between the antenna emission direction and the horizontal direction.
What Are the Differences Between Dual-Polarized and Single-Polarized Antennas?
Dual-polarized and single-polarized antennas differ in the following aspects:
Transmit angle:
- In mountainous or plain villages of open regions, signals of mobile phones easily match vertical-polarized signals. Therefore, vertical-polarized antennas provide better coverage effect than non-vertical-polarized antennas.
- In urban areas, electromagnet waves are reflected many times among buildings. Metal objects and metal oxide coated glass in and outside buildings may cause the polarization direction to change. Vertical-polarized antennas (single- and dual-polarized) and ±45° dual-polarized antennas provide similar coverage capabilities.
Receive angle:
- Single-polarized antenna: receives and transmits radio signals using two separate antennas. Radio signals are transmitted and received at the horizontal or vertical direction. Therefore, a large installation space and large maintenance workload are required.
- Dual-polarized antenna: receives and transmits radio signals using one antenna. The transmit direction of radio signals is vertical to the receive direction.
Antenna dimension: Dipoles of a dual-polarized antenna in different polarization directions are sufficiently isolated even if the dipoles are overlapped. Therefore, a dual-polarized antenna is no larger than a single-polarized antenna.
How Do I Select Outdoor Large-Gain Antennas for Transmission and Relay?
Antennas are selected depending on the transmission distance, required bandwidth, and number and locations of peer transmission points (for determining the antenna angle). Therefore, antenna selection is irrelevant to relay.
- How Are Antennas Classified? Which Antennas Are Often Used by Huawei?
- Which WLAN Components Are Commonly Used?
- Can Antennas Amplify Signals?
- What Is Antenna Coverage?
- Is the Antenna Gain Determined During Production? Can the Antenna Gain Be Adjusted?
- What Are Requirements on a Multi-band Combiner?
- Which Passive Components Are Commonly Used?
- What Are the Antenna Tilt, Field Angle, and Beam Angle?
- In Which Scenario Does the Indoor AP Apply To?
- In Which Scenario Does the Outdoor AP Apply To?
- What Are the Requirements for the Pole Dimensions When an Antenna Is Installed on a Pole?
- How Do I Determine the Feeder Length When Installing Antennas?
- What Are the Azimuth and Downtilt of Directional Antennas?
- What Are the Differences Between Dual-Polarized and Single-Polarized Antennas?
- How Do I Select Outdoor Large-Gain Antennas for Transmission and Relay?