Scenario-based WLAN Planning Design for Backhaul (Wi-Fi 6)
This document describes the scenario characteristics, network planning solution, and network construction standards in Wi-Fi 6 backhaul scenarios, providing network planning guidelines.
Scenario-based Enterprise WLAN Design
Backhaul
Page 0 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Preface
• In some harsh environments, network deployment is difficult and costly. Wireless backhaul
becomes the optimal choice to quickly deploy networks. Among wireless solutions, the wireless
local area network (WLAN) is one of the ideal wireless backhaul solutions because of its
distinctive highlights such as proper bandwidth, long backhaul distance, and low costs. As
such, WLAN has become the first choice to carry the last mile of video security networks.
• This design guide describes the principles and precautions for WLAN backhaul solution design.
Page 1 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Objectives
• On completion of this course, you will be able to:
▫ Understand application scenarios and common services of WLAN backhaul.
▫ Understand AP and antenna selection policies.
▫ Understand bandwidth calculation methods in backhaul scenarios.
▫ Describe the requirements and precautions for implementing backhaul.
Page 2 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Contents
1. Backhaul Scenario Overview
2. WLAN Planning Process for Backhaul Scenarios
3. WLAN Construction Standards for Backhaul Scenarios
4. Typical WLAN Design Case in Backhaul Scenarios
Page 3 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Backhaul Scenario Overview
Access points (APs) on a conventional WLAN have uplinks connected to wired networks. However, building wired
networks takes a long construction period, requires high costs, and delivers poor flexibility. As such, WLANs are
not suitable for application scenarios with poor wired network infrastructure.
This is where Mesh technology comes in. In scenarios where optical fibers and Ethernet cables cannot be deployed,
APs can be installed to quickly build wireless mesh networks (WMNs) by setting up wireless backhaul links. WMNs
are widely used in ports, oilfields, mining areas, rail transportation, and emergency communication scenarios.
Rural area Oilfield or mining area Port Transportation
Page 4 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Mesh Network Overview
• A WMN is a dynamic self-organizing, auto-configured wireless network on which nodes automatically establish and maintain mesh
connectivity.
• WMNs typically use the 5 GHz frequency band with abundant spectrum resources and less interference, instead of 2.4 GHz channels
with limited channel resources and more interference.
• Network nodes along mesh links include Mesh Points (MPs) and Mesh Portal Points (MPPs).
▫ MP: a mesh-capable node that uses IEEE 802.11 MAC and PHY protocols for wireless communication. This node supports automatic topology discovery, automatic
route discovery, and data packet forwarding. An MP can provide both mesh and user access services.
▫ MPP: a special MP that connects a WMN to other types of networks. The MPP provides the Portal function to allow nodes on the local WMN to communicate with
external networks. MP
MP
AC
MPP
MP
MP
STA
Page 5 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Challenges in Backhaul Scenarios
Complex environment High bandwidth requirement
Backhaul scenarios typically involve complex environments The increase in the number and definition of cameras
where obstacles affect the backhaul function. leads to higher requirements on the network rate and
network indicators.
Page 6 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Contents
1. Backhaul Scenario Overview
2. WLAN Planning Process for Backhaul Scenarios
3. WLAN Construction Standards for Backhaul Scenarios
4. Typical WLAN Design Case in Backhaul Scenarios
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Network Planning and Design Process for
Backhaul Scenarios
Requirement collection
Site survey
Link design
Device selection
Bandwidth design
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Requirement Device Bandwidth
Site Survey Link Design
Collection Selection Design
Requirement Collection
Requirement Type Description
Obtain the floor plan with scale information from the customer or obtain screenshots of longitude and
Floor plan
latitude information using the map software.
MPP distribution Determine the positions of MPPs that can provide uplink wired transmission resources.
Learn about information about the areas that require wireless coverage or wireless backhaul, and mark the
MP distribution
areas on the floor plan.
If only wireless backhaul is required, collect the bandwidth requirements on each MP. If both wireless
Service requirements
backhaul and coverage are required, you also need to collect the coverage area of each MP.
Check whether the customer has specific requirements on the power supply mode and whether power supply
Power supply mode
facilities are available onsite.
Available channels and EIRP
Learn about the available 5 GHz channels and EIRP restrictions for the local country code.
restrictions
Page 9 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Requirement Device Bandwidth
Site Survey Link Design
Collection Selection Design
Site Survey
Requirement Type Description
Check whether there are obvious obstacles on propagation paths between
Signal propagation environment MPPs and MPs, such as high-rise buildings, mountains, and trees. Mark the
location and size information on the floor plan.
Installation position and mode Determine the installation positions and modes of MPPs and MPs.
Scan the wireless environment near the site to check whether interference
Interference scanning
exists on the Wi-Fi frequency bands.
Site photos Take as many photos as possible onsite.
Page 10 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Requirement Device Bandwidth
Site Survey Link Design
Collection Selection Design
Backhaul Link Design
P2P Application scenario
MPP ◼Only one MP is involved.
◼If the MPP-MP distance exceeds 3 km, P2P transmission is recommended.
MP ◼The P2P transmission distance should not exceed 5 km.
Note: In V200R021C10 and earlier versions, the backhaul distance is less than 1 km for AirEngine X760 and less than
0.5 km for AirEngine X761.
P2MP Application scenario
◼If the MPP-MP distance is less than or equal to 1 km, an MPP can connect to six MPs
MPP
MP at most.
◼If the MPP-MP distance ranges from 1 km to 3 km, it is recommended that an MPP
connect to three MPs at most.
◼If the MPP-MP distance exceeds 3 km, P2MP transmission is not recommended.
Note: In V200R021C10 and earlier versions, the backhaul distance is less than 1 km for AirEngine X760 and less than
MP 0.5 km for AirEngine X761.
Multi-hop chain Application scenario
◼If the MPP-MP distance exceeds 5 km or obstacles exist between an MPP and MPs, it
MPP is recommended that relay nodes be deployed as required.
◼If the number of MPs is greater than 6, add relay APs to increase the maximum
number of MPs connected to each MPP.
MP ◼Relay APs must support dual-5G.
◼It is recommended that signals be relayed for no more than eight times to ensure data
transmission quality.
MP ◼Each time a relay node is added, the total bandwidth of the link decreases by 5%.
Note: In V200R021C10 and earlier versions, the backhaul distance is less than 1 km for AirEngine X760 and less than
0.5 km for AirEngine X761.
Page 11 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Requirement Device Bandwidth
Site Survey Link Design
Collection Selection Design
Backhaul Antenna Selection Rules
Omnidirectional antennas Directional antennas Directional antennas
MP MP
MP Beamwidth
MPP MPP MP antenna
Beamwidth transmission
MP MPP antenna Beamwidth
MP MP transmission
MP antenna
transmission
1. Select omnidirectional antennas for an MPP when the MPP-MP distance is within 500 m, the distribution angle is large, and the number of
MPs is large.
2. Select directional antennas for an MPP when the MPP-MP distance is greater than 500 m, the number of MPs is small, and the coverage
angle is relatively centralized.
3. When directional antennas are used for an MPP, ensure that the main lobes of antennas on the MPP cover all MPs' antennas.
4. Use high-gain antennas for MPs to improve signal strength. You only need to align MPs' antennas with the MPP's antennas during
installation.
5. The preceding points are only for rough antenna selection. If the link rate needs to be considered, take the antenna gain and antenna
angle also into account when selecting antennas. For details, see the bandwidth design.
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Requirement Device Bandwidth
Site Survey Link Design
Collection Selection Design
Antenna Alignment Method
Antenna angles: Preliminary antenna alignment:
1. Import the floor plan to the WLAN Planner. Use the distance measurement function in the upper 1. Use a compass to adjust the MPP antenna
Antenna angle calibration:
left corner to measure the azimuths from the MPP to the MP and from the MP to the MPP. to the corresponding angle based on the
2. Obtain the maximum angle and minimum angle measured for the MPP. When the difference 1. Use the antenna alignment function of the
MPP antenna angle obtained using the
between the two angles is less than 180°, the MPP antenna angle is calculated as follows: MPP CloudCampus APP to connect to the MP, fine-
antenna angle = (sum of the two angles)/2. When the difference is greater than 180°, the MPP WLAN Planner.
tune the MP antenna angle, and observe the
antenna angle is calculated as follows: MPP antenna angle = (sum of the two angles)/2 + 180. 2. Use the compass to align the MP antenna
3. As shown in the following figure 1, the maximum and minimum angles from the MPP to the MP signal strength change to find the angle when
with the MPP based on the MP-to-MPP
are 116° and 52°, respectively. Therefore, the MPP antenna angle is 84°: (116 + 52)/2 = 84°. the optimal signal is received.
4. As shown in the following figure 2, the antenna angle of MP1 is 232° from MP1 to the MPP. azimuth measured using the WLAN
5. Ensure that the top of the floor plan points to the due north. Planner.
MP1
MP2
MPP
MP3
Page 13 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Requirement Device Bandwidth
Site Survey Link Design
Collection Selection Design
Note: From V200R022C00, the mesh networking supports the multi-hop scenario. Before
AP + Antenna Solution deploying APs in this scenario, upgrade the APs to V200R022C00 or later. Otherwise, the
APs cannot go online.
All Outdoor APs with
AP Model AirEngine 8760R-X1 AirEngine 6760R-51 AirEngine 6760R-51E AirEngine 5761R-11 AirEngine 5761R-11E
External Antennas
Antenna part number 27013721 Built-in antennas Built-in antennas 27013719 27013718 Built-in antennas 27010889 27010906 27010890
Ratio of the AP Number of AP's RF
AirEngine 8760R-X1E:Antenna = 1:2 (Dual-5G mode) AP:Antenna = 1:2
quantity to the ports:Number of antennas = / / /
AirEngine 6760R-51E:Antenna = 1:1 (2.4G & 5G mode) AP:Antenna = 1:1
antenna quantity 1:1
2.4 GHz & 5 GHz 2.4 GHz & 5 GHz 2.4 GHz & 5 GHz 2.4 GHz & 5 GHz 2.4 GHz & 5 GHz 2.4 GHz & 5 GHz 5 GHz 5 GHz 5 GHz
Antenna type
Omnidirectional Directional Directional Directional Directional Directional Directional Directional Directional
MIMO 1x1 12x12/8x8 4x4 4x4 4x4 2x2 2x2 2x2 2x2
5 GHz gain (dBi) 7 11 11 13 16 11 11.5 14 19
Horizontal/
Vertical 5 GHz 360°/15° 100°/20° 60°/20° 30°/30° 18°/18° 65°/20° 60°/30° 32°/32° 15°/15°
beamwidth
85 mm x 270 mm x 220 69 mm x 200 mm x 200
Antenna dimensions Diameter x Length: φ23.8 mm Diameter x Length: 33 mm x 380 mm 33 mm x 380 mm x 55 mm x 230 mm x 25 mm x 220 mm x 25 mm x 250 mm x
mm mm
(H x W x D) x 235 mm x 380 mm 380 mm 145 mm 120 mm 250 mm
φ165 mm x 387 mm (AP dimensions) (AP dimensions)
Antenna connector 1 x Type N male 4 x Type N female 4 x Type N female 2 x Type N female 2 x Type N female 2 x Type N female
/ / /
type Single-polarized Dual-polarized Dual-polarized Dual-polarized Dual-polarized Dual-polarized
1. Select antennas and APs with proper beamwidth based on the principles described in the previous slide and actual scenarios. Then, determine whether the selected antennas and
APs meet the customer's rate requirements based on the gain and distance by referring to the bandwidth design section.
2. It is recommended that APs with external antennas be used in backhaul scenarios. Different antennas can be flexibly configured to support backhaul at different distances. The
AirEngine 8760R-X1E and AirEngine 5761R-11E can be switched to the dual-5G radio mode. Only one AP is required when the AirEngine 8760R-X1E and AirEngine 5761R-11E are
used as relay APs. The AirEngine 6760R-51E has only one 5 GHz radio. When the AirEngine 6760R-51E functions as a relay node, only two APs can be connected in back-to-back
mode.
3. Each model with built-in antennas has only one 5 GHz radio and cannot function as a relay node independently. However, antennas are built in APs, facilitating installation.
Auxiliary materials
Part Number Material Remarks
04130032 Feeder 2 m, type N male connector, RG8 jumper
04130033 Feeder 3 m, type N male connector, RG8 jumper
04130407 Feeder 5 m, type N male connector, RG8 jumper
27110001 Load Installed on idle RF ports
Page 14 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Requirement Device Bandwidth
Site Survey Link Design
Collection Selection Design
Common Backhaul Service
Video backhaul
MPP MP
Packet Loss Bandwidth
Service Description Delay Jitter
Rate (HD)
Storage traffic is sensitive to packet loss and requires
Video security data integrity. Real-time surveillance streams require a ≤ 400 ms ≤ 50 ms ≤ 0.1% On-demand
low delay. Playback traffic requires good stability.
Video security codec formats include H.264 and H.265, which require different bit streams:
• H.264 720p: bit stream of 2 Mbps; H.264 1080p: bit stream of 4 Mbps
• H.265 720p: bit stream of 1 Mbps; H.265 1080p: bit stream of 2 Mbps
In video security, there is a burst video stream at a fixed interval, that is, a key frame: I frame.
Therefore, the Wi-Fi backhaul channel must reserve 130% to 170% of bit-stream bandwidth for each camera.
Around 7 Mbps bandwidth is reserved for H.264 1080p video streams.
Page 15 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Requirement Device Bandwidth
Site Survey Link Design
Collection Selection Design
Bandwidth Design — Channel Planning
Query the available channels and EIRP restrictions using the WLAN Country Codes and Channels Compliance. In actual planning, comply with
the local laws and regulations.
Ensure that the channel of the MPP is the same as that of the MP for backhaul. For example, if the MPP operates on channel 149, the MPs
connected to the MPP must also operate on channel 149.
Ensure that the channels of the left and right links of a relay AP are staggered. For example, if the left radio of the relay AP is connected to
the MPP antenna and operates on channel 149, the right radio must operate on a channel other than 149, for example, channel 36.
Channel:
149
MP
Channel:
149
Channel:
MPP Distance: 1 km
149
MP
Channel:
149 Add relay APs if there
are obstacles.
MP
Relay MP
Channel:
WLAN Country Codes and Channels Compliance: Channel:
36 36
https://support.huawei.com/enterprise/en/doc/EDOC1000014876 Feeder
Ethernet cable
Page 16 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Requirement Device Bandwidth
Site Survey Link Design
Collection Selection Design
Bandwidth Design — Mesh P2P Transmission
Wi-Fi 6 P2P Bridge Throughput Reference (5 GHz)
Field Strength During Link Setup and 802.11ax HE80 Backhaul Bandwidth at Field Strength During Link Setup and 802.11ax HE40 Backhaul Bandwidth at
Antenna Gain
Device Model Application Scenario Typical Distances (Mbps) Typical Distances (Mbps)
MPP MP Distance 100 m 200 m 500 m 1 km 2 km 3 km 4 km 5 km Distance 100 m 200 m 500 m 1 km 2 km 3 km 4 km 5 km
Field strength Field strength during
–46 dBm –52 dBm –61 dBm –68 dBm –73 dBm –78 dBm –80 dBm –83 dBm –46 dBm –53 dBm –62 dBm –68 dBm –74 dBm –78 dBm –80 dBm –83 dBm
P2MP short-distance backhaul (< 500 m) during link setup link setup
7dBi-360deg 16dBi-18deg
MP nodes are distributed around an MPP. Backhaul
720 560 190 80 40 NA NA NA Backhaul bandwidth 340 300 100 60 30 NA NA NA
bandwidth
Field strength Field strength during
–42 dBm –49 dBm –58 dBm –64 dBm –70 dBm –74 dBm –76 dBm –79 dBm –42 dBm –49 dBm –58 dBm –65 dBm –71 dBm –75 dBm –77 dBm –79 dBm
AirEngine P2MP long-distance backhaul (< 2 km) MP during link setup link setup
11dBi-60deg 16dBi-18deg nodes are distributed within the 60° angle
Backhaul
8700R series/ of an MPP. 720 640 420 250 120 80 NA NA Backhaul bandwidth 340 340 200 160 80 60 NA NA
bandwidth
AirEngine Field strength Field strength during
–40 dBm –47 dBm –56 dBm –62 dBm –69 dBm –73 dBm –75 dBm –77 dBm –40 dBm –47 dBm –57 dBm –63 dBm –69 dBm –73 dBm –76 dBm –78 dBm
P2MP long-distance backhaul (< 3 km) MP during link setup link setup
6700R series 13dBi-30deg 16dBi-18deg nodes are distributed within the 30° angle
Backhaul
of an MPP. 720 720 420 250 160 120 80 NA Backhaul bandwidth 340 340 240 180 120 60 NA NA
bandwidth
Field strength Field strength during
–37 dBm –44 dBm –54 dBm –60 dBm –66 dBm –70 dBm –73 dBm –75 dBm –37 dBm –44 dBm –54 dBm –61 dBm –66 dBm –71 dBm –73 dBm –76 dBm
during link setup link setup
16dBi-18deg 16dBi-18deg P2P long-distance backhaul (< 5 km)
Backhaul
720 720 500 380 250 120 120 80 Backhaul bandwidth 340 340 270 200 120 80 60 NA
bandwidth
Field strength Field strength during
–44 dBm –50 dBm –58 dBm –64 dBm –70 dBm –74 dBm –77 dBm –80 dBm –44 dBm –51 dBm –58 dBm –65 dBm –70 dBm –74 dBm –77 dBm –80 dBm
P2MP short-distance backhaul (< 500 m) during link setup link setup
7dBi-360deg 19dBi-15deg
MP nodes are distributed around an MPP. Backhaul
720 640 210 125 80 40 NA NA Backhaul bandwidth 340 340 100 80 40 30 NA NA
bandwidth
Field strength Field strength during
–40 dBm –47 dBm –55 dBm –61 dBm –66 dBm –70 dBm –73 dBm –76 dBm –40 dBm –47 dBm –56 dBm –62 dBm –67 dBm –71 dBm –73 dBm –76 dBm
P2MP long-distance backhaul (< 2 km) MP during link setup link setup
11dBi-60deg 19dBi-15deg nodes are distributed within the 60° angle
Backhaul
of an MPP. 720 720 500 380 160 120 80 NA Backhaul bandwidth 340 340 270 200 120 80 60 NA
AirEngine bandwidth
Field strength Field strength during
–37 dBm –44 dBm –53 dBm –59 dBm –64 dBm –68 dBm –70 dBm –73 dBm –37 dBm –44 dBm –53 dBm –59 dBm –65 dBm –69 dBm –71 dBm –73 dBm
5700R series P2MP long-distance backhaul (< 3 km) MP during link setup link setup
14dBi-30deg 19dBi-15deg nodes are distributed within the 30° angle
Backhaul
of an MPP. 720 720 560 420 250 160 120 80 Backhaul bandwidth 340 340 270 200 160 120 80 60
bandwidth
Field strength Field strength during
–32 dBm –39 dBm –49 dBm –55 dBm –60 dBm –64 dBm –66 dBm –69 dBm –32 dBm –39 dBm –50 dBm –56 dBm –61 dBm –65 dBm –67 dBm –69 dBm
during link setup link setup
19dBi-15deg 19dBi-15deg P2P long-distance backhaul (< 5 km)
Backhaul
720 720 640 500 380 250 160 160 Backhaul bandwidth 340 340 340 270 200 160 120 80
bandwidth
Other indicators of mesh services: delay ≤ 20 ms, packet loss rate ≤ 0.1%, meeting video backhaul requirements
1. To estimate bandwidth at a transmission distance between two distance values listed in the table, refer to the
bandwidth value of the larger distance. For example, to estimate bandwidth value at a distance of 4 km, refer to the
Page 17 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. bandwidth value at a transmission distance of 5 km.
2. The preceding data does not take EIRP into account and is calculated based on the maximum transmit power of the AP.
Requirement Device Bandwidth
Site Survey Link Design
Collection Selection Design
Bandwidth Design — Mesh P2MP Transmission
The throughput of P2MP transmission is multiplied by the throughput impact factor based on the P2P transmission performance.
The throughput impact factor is related to the MPP:MP ratio in P2MP transmission. The following table lists the specific ratios.
30 Mbps
Throughput Impact Factor
MPP:MP Ratio 90 Mbps
MPP MP
MP
1:1 1 1
MPP Distance: 1 km
1:2 0.8 0.40
1:3 0.75 0.25 MP
1:4 0.7 0.18
1:5 0.65 0.13
1:6 0.6 0.10
MP
Example: Data of three cameras at different positions needs to be backhauled. Each camera requires 7 Mbps bandwidth. The MPP is equipped with built-in 4x4
11 dBi-60° antennas (capable of covering all MPs), and MPs have external 2x2 19 dBi-15° antennas connected. The maximum distance between the MPP and
MPs is 2 km, the frequency bandwidth is HE20, and the P2P throughput is 120 Mbps. When the MPP:MP ratio is 1:3, the throughput is calculated as follows:
Total MPP bandwidth: 120 x 0.75 = 90 Mbps
MP bandwidth: 120 x 0.25 = 30 Mbps > 7 Mbps, meeting service requirements
Note: If the bandwidth does not meet service requirements, improve the bandwidth in various ways, for example, by using high-bandwidth channels, shortening
the mesh backhaul distance, selecting high-gain antennas, or reducing the MPP:MP ratio.
Page 18 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Requirement Device Bandwidth
Site Survey Link Design
Collection Selection Design
Bandwidth Design — Multi-Hop Chain (Cross-Channel)
In multi-hop chain scenarios, assuming that channels of each hop do not interfere with each other, the performance
of each hop decreases by 5%. It is recommended that relay nodes supporting dual-5G be deployed.
100 Mbps
Node MP1 MP2 MP3 MP4 MP5 MP6 MP7 MP8
Distance: 2 km
Throughput
MP1 1 0.95 0.90 0.86 0.81 0.77 0.74 0.70
impact factor
Distance: 500 m
MPP
Distance: 200 m
Building
38 Mbps
MP2
MP3 38 Mbps
Example: Data of three cameras at different positions needs to be backhauled, two of which are totally invisible to the MPP. Each camera requires 7 Mbps bandwidth. The MPP
and MPs are AirEngine 8760R-X1E APs with external 16 dBi-18° antennas connected. MP1 is a relay AP and has the triple-radio mode enabled. The HE20 frequency bandwidth
is used, and cameras are connected to APs through Ethernet cables. The queried P2P throughput of MP1 bandwidth is 100 Mbps. The MPP:MP on the second relay backhaul
path is 1:2, with the attenuation factor of 0.4. Bandwidth of each end MP is: MP2 bandwidth: 100 x (1 – 5%) x 0.4 = 38 Mbps, meeting backhaul requirements.
Note: If the bandwidth does not meet service requirements, improve the bandwidth in various ways, for example, by using high-bandwidth channels, shortening the mesh
backhaul distance, selecting high-gain antennas, or reducing the MPP:MP ratio. Starting from V200R021C10, multi-hop mesh networking is supported. Before deploying APs in
this scenario, upgrade APs to V200R021C10 or later. Otherwise, APs cannot go online.
Page 19 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Requirement Device Bandwidth
Site Survey Link Design
Collection Selection Design
Bandwidth Design — Blocking in the Fresnel Zone
Take the blocking in the Fresnel zone into account when determining the installation height of
antennas. That is, the antennas must be installed at a position of at least the Fresnel zone radius r
higher than the building.
Backhaul distance: d (km) 1 2 3 4 5
Round-up Fresnel zone
radius: r (m) 4 6 7 8 9
* Take the 5 GHz frequency band as an example.
If the Fresnel zone is blocked by obstacles, the actual bandwidth is calculated as follows: Theoretical bandwidth
without obstacles x (1 – Blocked length of the Fresnel zone/2r), where r indicates the radius of the Fresnel zone.
* Fresnel zone: The Fresnel zone of radio beams is an ellipsoid area around a transmission path within the line of sight (LOS) path. The thickness of
the zone varies with the signal path length and the signal frequency.
Page 20 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Contents
1. Backhaul Scenario Overview
2. WLAN Planning Process for Backhaul Scenarios
3. WLAN Construction Standards for Backhaul Scenarios
4. Typical WLAN Design Case in Backhaul Scenarios
Page 21 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Port (Quay Crane) Backhaul Scenario
Scenario-specific requirement description
Typical Number of Bandwidth
Bandwidth 2.4 GHz Number of Network
Scenario Backhaul Service on the WMN STAs per per Quay
(Mbps) Coverage Quay Cranes Topology
Distance Quay Crane Crane
Video security (720p and
4–8 No 4
Port 1080p)
About 35 Single-hop P2MP
(quay 0.1–3 km ≤ 20
Mbps bus topology
crane) SMS service: non-real-time
2 Yes 1
control
Quay crane or bridge crane
One scenario, one policy
Node Device Frequency Throughput (Mbps) Packet
Product Model Delay
Type Type Bandwidth MPP:MP = 1:3 MPP:MP = 1:6 Loss Rate
AP AirEngine 5761R-11E
(Part number: 27010906) Outdoor 5 GHz
MPP Backhaul 187.5 150
dual-polarized directional antenna (H32
antenna
V32 G14)
AP AirEngine 5761R-11E
(Part number: 27010890) Outdoor 5 GHz
Backhaul 80 MHz 20 ms < 0.1%
dual-polarized directional antenna (H15
antenna
V15 G19)
MP 62.5 25
(Part number: 27013721) Outdoor 2.4
Coverage GHz & 5 GHz single-polarized
antenna omnidirectional antenna (H360 V30 G4 &
Quay crane H360 V15 G7)
Page 22 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Network Planning Solution for Port (Quay
Crane) Backhaul Scenarios
Single-hop P2MP bus topology:
Application scenario: When the MPP-MP distance is less than or
MP MP MP equal to 3 km, a maximum of eight hops are supported. Three to six
hops are recommended.
• The MPP is the root node, which is installed on a lamp pole and connected to
≤ 3 km
MPP an uplink switch through optical fibers or Ethernet cables.
• The MP is a leaf node installed on a quay crane to provide wireless data
backhaul and Internet access for STAs.
5 GHz backhaul antenna: high-gain small-
•
angle directional antenna Backhaul channel: HE80 @ 5 GHz; coverage channel: HE20 @ 2.4 GHz
2.4 GHz/5 GHz coverage antenna for Note: In a one-hop P2MP scenario, if the backhaul distance of an MP exceeds 3
providing Internet access for STAs km, one hop of relay node needs to be added.
Precaution: Starting from V200R022C00, multi-hop mesh networking is supported. Before deploying APs in this scenario, upgrade APs to
V200R022C00 or later. Otherwise, APs cannot go online.
Page 23 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Oil and Gas (Oilfield) Backhaul Scenario
Scenario-specific requirement description
Number
Typical
2.4 GHz of STAs Bandwidth Number
Scenario Backhaul Service on the WMN Bandwidth (Mbps) Network Topology
Coverage on Each per Node of Nodes
Distance
Node
Video security (720p and
4–8 No 2
Oil and 1080p)
About 20 Single-hop P2MP
gas 0.1–1 km ≤ 30
Mbps tree topology
(oilfield) O&M inspection (text and
2 Yes 2
image data)
Oilfield One scenario, one policy
Throughput (Mbps)
Node Device Frequency Packet
Product Model Delay
Type Type Bandwidth Loss Rate
MPP:MP = 1:3 MPP:MP = 1:6
AP AirEngine 5761R-11E
MPP Backhaul (Part number: 27010889) Outdoor 5 GHz dual- 285 228
antenna polarized directional antenna (H60 V30 G11.5)
AP AirEngine 5761R-11E
80 MHz 20 ms < 0.1%
Backhaul (Part number: 27010890) Outdoor 5 GHz dual-
MP antenna polarized directional antenna (H15 V15 G19) 95 38
(Part number: 27013721) Outdoor 2.4 GHz & 5
Coverage
GHz single-polarized omnidirectional antenna
antenna
Oilfield (H360 V30 G4 & H360 V15 G7)
Page 24 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Network Planning Solution for Oil and Gas
(Oilfield) Backhaul Scenarios
Single-hop P2MP tree topology:
Application scenario: When the MPP-MP distance is less than or equal
MP
MP to 1 km, a maximum of eight hops are supported. Six hops are
recommended.
• The MPP is the root node, which is installed on a lamp pole and connected to an
MPP
MP uplink switch through optical fibers or Ethernet cables.
• The MP is a leaf node installed near a pipeline to provide wireless data backhaul
≤ 1 km
and Internet access for STAs.
5 GHz backhaul antenna: high-gain small- • Backhaul channel: HE80 @ 5 GHz; coverage channel: HE20 @ 2.4 GHz.
angle directional antenna Note: In oilfield scenarios, pipelines are complex and professional network planning
2.4 GHz/5 GHz coverage antenna for is required to avoid interference from metal pipeline lanes.
providing Internet access for STAs
Precaution: Starting from V200R022C00, multi-hop mesh networking is supported. Before deploying APs in this scenario, upgrade APs to
V200R022C00 or later. Otherwise, APs cannot go online.
Page 25 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Power Tower Backhaul Scenario
Scenario-specific requirement description
Typical Number of
2.4 GHz Bandwidth Number
Scenario Backhaul Service on the WMN Bandwidth (Mbps) STAs on Network Topology
Coverage per Node of Nodes
Distance Each Node
Video security (720p
4–8 No 2
Power and 1080p) About 20 Multi-hop P2MP
0.5–1 km ≤ 8
tower O&M inspection (text Mbps chain topology
2 Yes 2
and image data)
One scenario, one policy
Packet
Node Device Frequency Throughput (Mbps)
Product Model Delay Loss
Type Type Bandwidth
Per-Hop Distance: 3 km Rate
AP AirEngine 5761R-11E
Power tower MPP Backhaul (Part number: 27010890) Outdoor 5 GHz dual-polarized 160
antenna directional antenna (H15 V15 G19)
AP AirEngine 5761R-11E
Relay
Backhaul (Part number: 27010890) Outdoor 5 GHz dual-polarized 160
node 1
antenna directional antenna (H15 V15 G19)
AP AirEngine 5761R-11E
Relay
Backhaul (Part number: 27010890) Outdoor 5 GHz dual-polarized 152
node 2
antenna directional antenna (H15 V15 G19)
40 MHz 20 ms < 0.1%
AP AirEngine 5761R-11E
... Backhaul (Part number: 27010890) Outdoor 5 GHz dual-polarized ...
antenna directional antenna (H15 V15 G19)
AP AirEngine 5761R-11E
Backhaul (Part number: 27010890) Outdoor 5 GHz dual-polarized
antenna directional antenna (H15 V15 G19)
MP8 112
(Part number: 27013721) Outdoor 2.4 GHz & 5 GHz
Coverage
single-polarized omnidirectional antenna (H360 V30 G4 &
Power tower antenna
H360 V15 G7)
Page 26 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Network Planning Solution for Power
Tower Backhaul Scenarios
Multi-hop P2MP chain topology: Application scenario: When the MPP-MP distance is greater than or equal to 0.5
≥ 0.5 km km and a large number of AP connections in series are required, a maximum of
MPP
MP MP eight hops are supported. It is recommended that the number of hops be
... MP determined based on the distance.
• The MPP is the root node, which is installed on a power tower and connected
to an uplink switch through optical fibers or Ethernet cables.
• The MP is a leaf node installed on a power tower to provide wired access for
5 GHz backhaul antenna: high-gain small- cameras or connect to another AP to provide 2.4 GHz coverage for access of
angle directional antenna
inspection personnel. After the eighth hop, wireless coverage can be provided
2.4 GHz/5 GHz coverage antenna for
providing Internet access for STAs for STAs to access the Internet or a new node can be connected in wired
mode. The performance of each hop decreases by 5%. Determine the number
of hops based on service requirements.
Precaution: Starting from V200R022C00, multi-hop mesh networking • Backhaul channel: HE40 @ 5 GHz; coverage channel: HE20 @ 2.4 GHz.
is supported. Before deploying APs in this scenario, upgrade APs to Note: In multi-hop chain scenarios, it is recommended that relay nodes
V200R022C00 or later. Otherwise, APs cannot go online. supporting dual-5G be deployed.
Page 27 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Metal Mine Drift Backhaul Scenario
Scenario-specific requirement description
Typical Number of Number of
Bandwidth 2.4 GHz Bandwidth Network
Scenario Backhaul Service on the WMN STAs on Mining
(Mbps) Coverage per Node Topology
Distance Each Node Trucks
- - No -
Metal About 10 Single-hop P2MP
0.01–0.2 km ≤ 20
mine drift Mbps bus topology
Video backhaul of dashcams 4 Yes ≤ 2
Drift
One scenario, one policy
Throughput (Mbps)
Node Device Frequency Packet
Product Model Delay
Type Type Bandwidth Loss Rate
MPP:MP = 1:6 MPP:MP = 1:8
AP AirEngine 5761R-11E
MPP Backhaul (Part number: 27010906) Outdoor 5 GHz dual- 330 275
antenna polarized directional antenna (H32 V32 G14)
AP AirEngine 5761R-11E
80 MHz 20 ms < 0.1%
Backhaul (Part number: 27010890) Outdoor 5 GHz dual-
MP antenna polarized directional antenna (H15 V15 G19) 55 34
Coverage (Part number: 27010904) Outdoor 2.4 GHz dual-
Drift antenna polarized directional antenna (H30 V30 G14)
Page 28 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Network Planning Solution for Metal Mine Drift
Backhaul Scenarios
Single-hop P2MP bus topology:
Application scenario: When the MPP-MP distance is less than or
MP MP MP
equal to 0.2 km, a maximum of eight hops are supported. Eight hops
MPP
are recommended.
≤ 0.2 km • The MPP is the root node, which is installed on a wall and connected to an
uplink switch through optical fibers or Ethernet cables.
• The MP is a leaf node installed on the wall of the drivage drift to provide
5 GHz backhaul antenna: high-gain small- wireless data backhaul and Internet access for STAs.
angle directional antenna
• Backhaul channel: HE80 @ 5 GHz; coverage channel: HE20 @ 2.4 GHz.
2.4 GHz/5 GHz coverage antenna for Note: In drift scenarios, LOS transmission is required for mesh backhaul. If
providing Internet access for STAs
backhaul signals are blocked by a curve, one hop of relay node needs to be added.
Precaution: Starting from V200R022C00, multi-hop mesh networking is supported. Before deploying APs in this scenario, upgrade APs to
V200R022C00 or later. Otherwise, APs cannot go online.
Page 29 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Bridge Crane Backhaul Scenario in Steel Plants
Scenario-specific requirement description
Number of Number of
Typical Backhaul Service on the Mesh Bandwidth 2.4 GHz Bandwidth Network
Scenario STAs on Bridge
Distance Network (Mbps) Coverage per Node Topology
Each Node Cranes
Video security (720p and
4–8 No 4
Bridge 1080p)
About 35
crane in a 0.01–0.5 km 1 Single-hop P2P
Mbps
steel plant SMS service: non-real-time
2 Yes 1
control
Bridge crane One scenario, one policy
Node Device Frequency Throughput (Mbps) Packet
Product Model Delay
Type Type Bandwidth MPP:MP = 1:1 MPP:MP = 1:2 Loss Rate
AP AirEngine 5761R-11E
MPP Backhaul (Part number: 27010889) Outdoor 5 GHz dual- 420 336
antenna polarized directional antenna (H60 V30 G11.5)
AP AirEngine 5761R-11E
Backhaul (Part number: 27010890) Outdoor 5 GHz dual- 80 MHz 20 ms < 0.1%
antenna polarized directional antenna (H15 V15 G19)
MP 420 168
(Part number: 27013721) Outdoor 2.4 GHz & 5
Coverage
GHz single-polarized omnidirectional antenna
Bridge crane antenna
(H360 V30 G4 & H360 V15 G7)
Page 30 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Network Planning Solution for Bridge Crane
Backhaul in a Steel Plant
Single-hop P2P backhaul:
Application scenario: P2P backhaul distance between the MPP and MP ≤ 0.5 km
MPP MP • The MPP is the root node, which is installed on a wall and connected to an
uplink switch through optical fibers or Ethernet cables.
≤ 0.5 km
• The MP is a leaf node installed on a bridge crane to provide wireless data
backhaul and Internet access for STAs.
5 GHz backhaul antenna: high-gain small- • Backhaul channel: HE80 @ 5 GHz; coverage channel: HE20 @ 2.4 GHz
angle directional antenna Note: A bridge crane moves along the driving track. Roaming is not required
2.4 GHz/5 GHz coverage antenna for because the backhaul distance is relatively short.
providing Internet access for STAs
Precaution: Starting from V200R022C00, multi-hop mesh networking is supported. Before deploying APs in this scenario, upgrade APs to
V200R022C00 or later. Otherwise, APs cannot go online.
Page 31 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Engineering Vehicle Inspection Backhaul
Scenario in Wind Farms
Scenario-specific requirement description
Number of Number of
Typical Backhaul Service on the Mesh Bandwidth 2.4 GHz Bandwidth
Scenario STAs on Each Inspection Network Topology
Distance Network (Mbps) Coverage per Node
Node Vehicles
O&M inspection
Engineering (voice call and video 4 Yes 2
vehicle
data) About 12
inspection 0.1–1 km 1 Single-hop P2P
Mbps
in a wind O&M inspection (text
2 Yes -
2.4 GHz coverage farm and image data)
Engineering vehicle inspection
One scenario, one policy
Throughput (Mbps)
Device Frequency Packet
Node Product Model Delay
Type Bandwidth Loss Rate
Type MPP:MP = 1:1 MPP:MP = 1:2
AP AirEngine 5761R-11E
MPP Backhaul (Part number: 27010889) Outdoor 5 GHz dual- 80 64
antenna polarized directional antenna (H60 V30 G11.5)
AP AirEngine 5761R-11E
80 MHz 20 ms < 0.1%
(Part number: 27013721) Outdoor 2.4 GHz & 5
Backhaul
GHz single-polarized omnidirectional antenna
antenna
MP (H360 V30 G4 & H360 V15 G7) 80 32
(Part number: 27013721) Outdoor 2.4 GHz & 5
Coverage
GHz single-polarized omnidirectional antenna
antenna
Engineering vehicle inspection (H360 V30 G4 & H360 V15 G7)
Page 32 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Network Planning Solution for Engineering
Vehicle Inspection Backhaul in a Wind Farm
Single-hop P2P backhaul: Application scenario: P2P backhaul distance between the MPP and MP
≤ 1 km
MPP MP • The MPP is the root node, which is installed at the bottom of a wind turbine
tower and connected to an uplink switch through optical fibers or Ethernet
≤ 1 km
cables.
• The MP is a leaf node installed on an inspection vehicle to provide wireless data
backhaul and Internet access for STAs.
5 GHz backhaul antenna: high-gain small- • Backhaul channel: HE80 @ 5 GHz; coverage channel: HE20 @ 2.4 GHz.
angle directional antenna Note: An engineering vehicle inspects the entire wind farm along the road, requiring
2.4 GHz/5 GHz coverage antenna for roaming (disconnected and then reassociated). MPs use omnidirectional antennas
providing Internet access for STAs
for backhaul.
Precaution: Starting from V200R022C00, multi-hop mesh networking is supported. Before deploying APs in this scenario, upgrade APs to
V200R022C00 or later. Otherwise, APs cannot go online.
Page 33 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Contents
1. Backhaul Scenario Overview
2. WLAN Planning Process for Backhaul Scenarios
3. WLAN Construction Standards for Backhaul Scenarios
4. Typical WLAN Design Case in Backhaul Scenarios
Page 34 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Video Backhaul Project Case — Requirements
Collection
Requirement Type Description
• Collect the floor plan Floor plan Take a screenshot using the XX map software.
MPP distribution Green points in the figure
and requirement Guard booths evenly distributed along the shore at
MP distribution
information. red points in the figure
Each guard booth has two cameras, requiring a total
Service requirement
bandwidth of 14 Mbps.
A PoE adapter is connected to the local 220 V power
Power supply mode
system to supply power to APs.
Available channels Channels 36–64, 100–144, and 149–165 are available.
and EIRP restrictions No EIRP restriction
Page 35 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Video Backhaul Project Case — Site Survey
Requirement Type Description
The distance between the MP and MPP may be affected by trailers. The height of a trailer and
Signal propagation environment
container is about 4.5 m, and that of a booth is about 2.5 m.
New poles can be installed for MPPs. It is recommended that 3 m poles be installed above
Installation position and mode
booths for MPs to avoid signal blocking by trailers.
Scan the wireless environment near the site. There is no interference on the 5 GHz Wi-Fi
Interference scanning
frequency band.
Site photos Collected
MPP
Guard booth
Page 36 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Video Backhaul Project Case — Solution Design
MPP: AirEngine 5761R-11E + (part number: 27010890) Outdoor
MPP1
5 GHz dual-polarized directional antenna (H15 V15 G19)
MP: AirEngine 5761R-11E + (part number: 27010890) Outdoor 5
GHz dual-polarized directional antenna (H15 V15 G19)
MPP1: connects to three MPs, supporting a maximum
backhaul distance of 1.2 km.
Total backhaul bandwidth: 110 Mbps @ 40 MHz
MPP3 Bandwidth of a single MP: 37 Mbps
MPP2 (configured with dual-5G and connected to two
antennas)
Connects to two MPs, supporting a maximum backhaul
distance of 800 m.
Total backhaul bandwidth: 190 Mbps @ 40 MHz
Bandwidth of a single MP: 95 Mbps
Connects to one MP, supporting a maximum backhaul
distance of 800 m.
Total backhaul bandwidth: 240 Mbps @ 40 MHz
MPP3: connects to three MPs, supporting a maximum
880 m
backhaul distance of 1.4 km.
MPP2
Total backhaul bandwidth: 110 Mbps @ 40 MHz
Bandwidth of a single MP: 37 Mbps
Page 37 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Summary
1. Typical service types and challenges in backhaul scenarios
2. WLAN planning process for backhaul scenarios
3. Huawei's WLAN construction standards and planning rules for backhaul scenarios
4. Video backhaul project case
Page 38 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Thank You
www.huawei.com
Page 39 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Backhaul
Page 0 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Preface
• In some harsh environments, network deployment is difficult and costly. Wireless backhaul
becomes the optimal choice to quickly deploy networks. Among wireless solutions, the wireless
local area network (WLAN) is one of the ideal wireless backhaul solutions because of its
distinctive highlights such as proper bandwidth, long backhaul distance, and low costs. As
such, WLAN has become the first choice to carry the last mile of video security networks.
• This design guide describes the principles and precautions for WLAN backhaul solution design.
Page 1 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Objectives
• On completion of this course, you will be able to:
▫ Understand application scenarios and common services of WLAN backhaul.
▫ Understand AP and antenna selection policies.
▫ Understand bandwidth calculation methods in backhaul scenarios.
▫ Describe the requirements and precautions for implementing backhaul.
Page 2 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Contents
1. Backhaul Scenario Overview
2. WLAN Planning Process for Backhaul Scenarios
3. WLAN Construction Standards for Backhaul Scenarios
4. Typical WLAN Design Case in Backhaul Scenarios
Page 3 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Backhaul Scenario Overview
Access points (APs) on a conventional WLAN have uplinks connected to wired networks. However, building wired
networks takes a long construction period, requires high costs, and delivers poor flexibility. As such, WLANs are
not suitable for application scenarios with poor wired network infrastructure.
This is where Mesh technology comes in. In scenarios where optical fibers and Ethernet cables cannot be deployed,
APs can be installed to quickly build wireless mesh networks (WMNs) by setting up wireless backhaul links. WMNs
are widely used in ports, oilfields, mining areas, rail transportation, and emergency communication scenarios.
Rural area Oilfield or mining area Port Transportation
Page 4 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Mesh Network Overview
• A WMN is a dynamic self-organizing, auto-configured wireless network on which nodes automatically establish and maintain mesh
connectivity.
• WMNs typically use the 5 GHz frequency band with abundant spectrum resources and less interference, instead of 2.4 GHz channels
with limited channel resources and more interference.
• Network nodes along mesh links include Mesh Points (MPs) and Mesh Portal Points (MPPs).
▫ MP: a mesh-capable node that uses IEEE 802.11 MAC and PHY protocols for wireless communication. This node supports automatic topology discovery, automatic
route discovery, and data packet forwarding. An MP can provide both mesh and user access services.
▫ MPP: a special MP that connects a WMN to other types of networks. The MPP provides the Portal function to allow nodes on the local WMN to communicate with
external networks. MP
MP
AC
MPP
MP
MP
STA
Page 5 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Challenges in Backhaul Scenarios
Complex environment High bandwidth requirement
Backhaul scenarios typically involve complex environments The increase in the number and definition of cameras
where obstacles affect the backhaul function. leads to higher requirements on the network rate and
network indicators.
Page 6 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Contents
1. Backhaul Scenario Overview
2. WLAN Planning Process for Backhaul Scenarios
3. WLAN Construction Standards for Backhaul Scenarios
4. Typical WLAN Design Case in Backhaul Scenarios
Page 7 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Network Planning and Design Process for
Backhaul Scenarios
Requirement collection
Site survey
Link design
Device selection
Bandwidth design
Page 8 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Requirement Device Bandwidth
Site Survey Link Design
Collection Selection Design
Requirement Collection
Requirement Type Description
Obtain the floor plan with scale information from the customer or obtain screenshots of longitude and
Floor plan
latitude information using the map software.
MPP distribution Determine the positions of MPPs that can provide uplink wired transmission resources.
Learn about information about the areas that require wireless coverage or wireless backhaul, and mark the
MP distribution
areas on the floor plan.
If only wireless backhaul is required, collect the bandwidth requirements on each MP. If both wireless
Service requirements
backhaul and coverage are required, you also need to collect the coverage area of each MP.
Check whether the customer has specific requirements on the power supply mode and whether power supply
Power supply mode
facilities are available onsite.
Available channels and EIRP
Learn about the available 5 GHz channels and EIRP restrictions for the local country code.
restrictions
Page 9 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Requirement Device Bandwidth
Site Survey Link Design
Collection Selection Design
Site Survey
Requirement Type Description
Check whether there are obvious obstacles on propagation paths between
Signal propagation environment MPPs and MPs, such as high-rise buildings, mountains, and trees. Mark the
location and size information on the floor plan.
Installation position and mode Determine the installation positions and modes of MPPs and MPs.
Scan the wireless environment near the site to check whether interference
Interference scanning
exists on the Wi-Fi frequency bands.
Site photos Take as many photos as possible onsite.
Page 10 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Requirement Device Bandwidth
Site Survey Link Design
Collection Selection Design
Backhaul Link Design
P2P Application scenario
MPP ◼Only one MP is involved.
◼If the MPP-MP distance exceeds 3 km, P2P transmission is recommended.
MP ◼The P2P transmission distance should not exceed 5 km.
Note: In V200R021C10 and earlier versions, the backhaul distance is less than 1 km for AirEngine X760 and less than
0.5 km for AirEngine X761.
P2MP Application scenario
◼If the MPP-MP distance is less than or equal to 1 km, an MPP can connect to six MPs
MPP
MP at most.
◼If the MPP-MP distance ranges from 1 km to 3 km, it is recommended that an MPP
connect to three MPs at most.
◼If the MPP-MP distance exceeds 3 km, P2MP transmission is not recommended.
Note: In V200R021C10 and earlier versions, the backhaul distance is less than 1 km for AirEngine X760 and less than
MP 0.5 km for AirEngine X761.
Multi-hop chain Application scenario
◼If the MPP-MP distance exceeds 5 km or obstacles exist between an MPP and MPs, it
MPP is recommended that relay nodes be deployed as required.
◼If the number of MPs is greater than 6, add relay APs to increase the maximum
number of MPs connected to each MPP.
MP ◼Relay APs must support dual-5G.
◼It is recommended that signals be relayed for no more than eight times to ensure data
transmission quality.
MP ◼Each time a relay node is added, the total bandwidth of the link decreases by 5%.
Note: In V200R021C10 and earlier versions, the backhaul distance is less than 1 km for AirEngine X760 and less than
0.5 km for AirEngine X761.
Page 11 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Requirement Device Bandwidth
Site Survey Link Design
Collection Selection Design
Backhaul Antenna Selection Rules
Omnidirectional antennas Directional antennas Directional antennas
MP MP
MP Beamwidth
MPP MPP MP antenna
Beamwidth transmission
MP MPP antenna Beamwidth
MP MP transmission
MP antenna
transmission
1. Select omnidirectional antennas for an MPP when the MPP-MP distance is within 500 m, the distribution angle is large, and the number of
MPs is large.
2. Select directional antennas for an MPP when the MPP-MP distance is greater than 500 m, the number of MPs is small, and the coverage
angle is relatively centralized.
3. When directional antennas are used for an MPP, ensure that the main lobes of antennas on the MPP cover all MPs' antennas.
4. Use high-gain antennas for MPs to improve signal strength. You only need to align MPs' antennas with the MPP's antennas during
installation.
5. The preceding points are only for rough antenna selection. If the link rate needs to be considered, take the antenna gain and antenna
angle also into account when selecting antennas. For details, see the bandwidth design.
Page 12 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Requirement Device Bandwidth
Site Survey Link Design
Collection Selection Design
Antenna Alignment Method
Antenna angles: Preliminary antenna alignment:
1. Import the floor plan to the WLAN Planner. Use the distance measurement function in the upper 1. Use a compass to adjust the MPP antenna
Antenna angle calibration:
left corner to measure the azimuths from the MPP to the MP and from the MP to the MPP. to the corresponding angle based on the
2. Obtain the maximum angle and minimum angle measured for the MPP. When the difference 1. Use the antenna alignment function of the
MPP antenna angle obtained using the
between the two angles is less than 180°, the MPP antenna angle is calculated as follows: MPP CloudCampus APP to connect to the MP, fine-
antenna angle = (sum of the two angles)/2. When the difference is greater than 180°, the MPP WLAN Planner.
tune the MP antenna angle, and observe the
antenna angle is calculated as follows: MPP antenna angle = (sum of the two angles)/2 + 180. 2. Use the compass to align the MP antenna
3. As shown in the following figure 1, the maximum and minimum angles from the MPP to the MP signal strength change to find the angle when
with the MPP based on the MP-to-MPP
are 116° and 52°, respectively. Therefore, the MPP antenna angle is 84°: (116 + 52)/2 = 84°. the optimal signal is received.
4. As shown in the following figure 2, the antenna angle of MP1 is 232° from MP1 to the MPP. azimuth measured using the WLAN
5. Ensure that the top of the floor plan points to the due north. Planner.
MP1
MP2
MPP
MP3
Page 13 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Requirement Device Bandwidth
Site Survey Link Design
Collection Selection Design
Note: From V200R022C00, the mesh networking supports the multi-hop scenario. Before
AP + Antenna Solution deploying APs in this scenario, upgrade the APs to V200R022C00 or later. Otherwise, the
APs cannot go online.
All Outdoor APs with
AP Model AirEngine 8760R-X1 AirEngine 6760R-51 AirEngine 6760R-51E AirEngine 5761R-11 AirEngine 5761R-11E
External Antennas
Antenna part number 27013721 Built-in antennas Built-in antennas 27013719 27013718 Built-in antennas 27010889 27010906 27010890
Ratio of the AP Number of AP's RF
AirEngine 8760R-X1E:Antenna = 1:2 (Dual-5G mode) AP:Antenna = 1:2
quantity to the ports:Number of antennas = / / /
AirEngine 6760R-51E:Antenna = 1:1 (2.4G & 5G mode) AP:Antenna = 1:1
antenna quantity 1:1
2.4 GHz & 5 GHz 2.4 GHz & 5 GHz 2.4 GHz & 5 GHz 2.4 GHz & 5 GHz 2.4 GHz & 5 GHz 2.4 GHz & 5 GHz 5 GHz 5 GHz 5 GHz
Antenna type
Omnidirectional Directional Directional Directional Directional Directional Directional Directional Directional
MIMO 1x1 12x12/8x8 4x4 4x4 4x4 2x2 2x2 2x2 2x2
5 GHz gain (dBi) 7 11 11 13 16 11 11.5 14 19
Horizontal/
Vertical 5 GHz 360°/15° 100°/20° 60°/20° 30°/30° 18°/18° 65°/20° 60°/30° 32°/32° 15°/15°
beamwidth
85 mm x 270 mm x 220 69 mm x 200 mm x 200
Antenna dimensions Diameter x Length: φ23.8 mm Diameter x Length: 33 mm x 380 mm 33 mm x 380 mm x 55 mm x 230 mm x 25 mm x 220 mm x 25 mm x 250 mm x
mm mm
(H x W x D) x 235 mm x 380 mm 380 mm 145 mm 120 mm 250 mm
φ165 mm x 387 mm (AP dimensions) (AP dimensions)
Antenna connector 1 x Type N male 4 x Type N female 4 x Type N female 2 x Type N female 2 x Type N female 2 x Type N female
/ / /
type Single-polarized Dual-polarized Dual-polarized Dual-polarized Dual-polarized Dual-polarized
1. Select antennas and APs with proper beamwidth based on the principles described in the previous slide and actual scenarios. Then, determine whether the selected antennas and
APs meet the customer's rate requirements based on the gain and distance by referring to the bandwidth design section.
2. It is recommended that APs with external antennas be used in backhaul scenarios. Different antennas can be flexibly configured to support backhaul at different distances. The
AirEngine 8760R-X1E and AirEngine 5761R-11E can be switched to the dual-5G radio mode. Only one AP is required when the AirEngine 8760R-X1E and AirEngine 5761R-11E are
used as relay APs. The AirEngine 6760R-51E has only one 5 GHz radio. When the AirEngine 6760R-51E functions as a relay node, only two APs can be connected in back-to-back
mode.
3. Each model with built-in antennas has only one 5 GHz radio and cannot function as a relay node independently. However, antennas are built in APs, facilitating installation.
Auxiliary materials
Part Number Material Remarks
04130032 Feeder 2 m, type N male connector, RG8 jumper
04130033 Feeder 3 m, type N male connector, RG8 jumper
04130407 Feeder 5 m, type N male connector, RG8 jumper
27110001 Load Installed on idle RF ports
Page 14 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Requirement Device Bandwidth
Site Survey Link Design
Collection Selection Design
Common Backhaul Service
Video backhaul
MPP MP
Packet Loss Bandwidth
Service Description Delay Jitter
Rate (HD)
Storage traffic is sensitive to packet loss and requires
Video security data integrity. Real-time surveillance streams require a ≤ 400 ms ≤ 50 ms ≤ 0.1% On-demand
low delay. Playback traffic requires good stability.
Video security codec formats include H.264 and H.265, which require different bit streams:
• H.264 720p: bit stream of 2 Mbps; H.264 1080p: bit stream of 4 Mbps
• H.265 720p: bit stream of 1 Mbps; H.265 1080p: bit stream of 2 Mbps
In video security, there is a burst video stream at a fixed interval, that is, a key frame: I frame.
Therefore, the Wi-Fi backhaul channel must reserve 130% to 170% of bit-stream bandwidth for each camera.
Around 7 Mbps bandwidth is reserved for H.264 1080p video streams.
Page 15 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Requirement Device Bandwidth
Site Survey Link Design
Collection Selection Design
Bandwidth Design — Channel Planning
Query the available channels and EIRP restrictions using the WLAN Country Codes and Channels Compliance. In actual planning, comply with
the local laws and regulations.
Ensure that the channel of the MPP is the same as that of the MP for backhaul. For example, if the MPP operates on channel 149, the MPs
connected to the MPP must also operate on channel 149.
Ensure that the channels of the left and right links of a relay AP are staggered. For example, if the left radio of the relay AP is connected to
the MPP antenna and operates on channel 149, the right radio must operate on a channel other than 149, for example, channel 36.
Channel:
149
MP
Channel:
149
Channel:
MPP Distance: 1 km
149
MP
Channel:
149 Add relay APs if there
are obstacles.
MP
Relay MP
Channel:
WLAN Country Codes and Channels Compliance: Channel:
36 36
https://support.huawei.com/enterprise/en/doc/EDOC1000014876 Feeder
Ethernet cable
Page 16 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Requirement Device Bandwidth
Site Survey Link Design
Collection Selection Design
Bandwidth Design — Mesh P2P Transmission
Wi-Fi 6 P2P Bridge Throughput Reference (5 GHz)
Field Strength During Link Setup and 802.11ax HE80 Backhaul Bandwidth at Field Strength During Link Setup and 802.11ax HE40 Backhaul Bandwidth at
Antenna Gain
Device Model Application Scenario Typical Distances (Mbps) Typical Distances (Mbps)
MPP MP Distance 100 m 200 m 500 m 1 km 2 km 3 km 4 km 5 km Distance 100 m 200 m 500 m 1 km 2 km 3 km 4 km 5 km
Field strength Field strength during
–46 dBm –52 dBm –61 dBm –68 dBm –73 dBm –78 dBm –80 dBm –83 dBm –46 dBm –53 dBm –62 dBm –68 dBm –74 dBm –78 dBm –80 dBm –83 dBm
P2MP short-distance backhaul (< 500 m) during link setup link setup
7dBi-360deg 16dBi-18deg
MP nodes are distributed around an MPP. Backhaul
720 560 190 80 40 NA NA NA Backhaul bandwidth 340 300 100 60 30 NA NA NA
bandwidth
Field strength Field strength during
–42 dBm –49 dBm –58 dBm –64 dBm –70 dBm –74 dBm –76 dBm –79 dBm –42 dBm –49 dBm –58 dBm –65 dBm –71 dBm –75 dBm –77 dBm –79 dBm
AirEngine P2MP long-distance backhaul (< 2 km) MP during link setup link setup
11dBi-60deg 16dBi-18deg nodes are distributed within the 60° angle
Backhaul
8700R series/ of an MPP. 720 640 420 250 120 80 NA NA Backhaul bandwidth 340 340 200 160 80 60 NA NA
bandwidth
AirEngine Field strength Field strength during
–40 dBm –47 dBm –56 dBm –62 dBm –69 dBm –73 dBm –75 dBm –77 dBm –40 dBm –47 dBm –57 dBm –63 dBm –69 dBm –73 dBm –76 dBm –78 dBm
P2MP long-distance backhaul (< 3 km) MP during link setup link setup
6700R series 13dBi-30deg 16dBi-18deg nodes are distributed within the 30° angle
Backhaul
of an MPP. 720 720 420 250 160 120 80 NA Backhaul bandwidth 340 340 240 180 120 60 NA NA
bandwidth
Field strength Field strength during
–37 dBm –44 dBm –54 dBm –60 dBm –66 dBm –70 dBm –73 dBm –75 dBm –37 dBm –44 dBm –54 dBm –61 dBm –66 dBm –71 dBm –73 dBm –76 dBm
during link setup link setup
16dBi-18deg 16dBi-18deg P2P long-distance backhaul (< 5 km)
Backhaul
720 720 500 380 250 120 120 80 Backhaul bandwidth 340 340 270 200 120 80 60 NA
bandwidth
Field strength Field strength during
–44 dBm –50 dBm –58 dBm –64 dBm –70 dBm –74 dBm –77 dBm –80 dBm –44 dBm –51 dBm –58 dBm –65 dBm –70 dBm –74 dBm –77 dBm –80 dBm
P2MP short-distance backhaul (< 500 m) during link setup link setup
7dBi-360deg 19dBi-15deg
MP nodes are distributed around an MPP. Backhaul
720 640 210 125 80 40 NA NA Backhaul bandwidth 340 340 100 80 40 30 NA NA
bandwidth
Field strength Field strength during
–40 dBm –47 dBm –55 dBm –61 dBm –66 dBm –70 dBm –73 dBm –76 dBm –40 dBm –47 dBm –56 dBm –62 dBm –67 dBm –71 dBm –73 dBm –76 dBm
P2MP long-distance backhaul (< 2 km) MP during link setup link setup
11dBi-60deg 19dBi-15deg nodes are distributed within the 60° angle
Backhaul
of an MPP. 720 720 500 380 160 120 80 NA Backhaul bandwidth 340 340 270 200 120 80 60 NA
AirEngine bandwidth
Field strength Field strength during
–37 dBm –44 dBm –53 dBm –59 dBm –64 dBm –68 dBm –70 dBm –73 dBm –37 dBm –44 dBm –53 dBm –59 dBm –65 dBm –69 dBm –71 dBm –73 dBm
5700R series P2MP long-distance backhaul (< 3 km) MP during link setup link setup
14dBi-30deg 19dBi-15deg nodes are distributed within the 30° angle
Backhaul
of an MPP. 720 720 560 420 250 160 120 80 Backhaul bandwidth 340 340 270 200 160 120 80 60
bandwidth
Field strength Field strength during
–32 dBm –39 dBm –49 dBm –55 dBm –60 dBm –64 dBm –66 dBm –69 dBm –32 dBm –39 dBm –50 dBm –56 dBm –61 dBm –65 dBm –67 dBm –69 dBm
during link setup link setup
19dBi-15deg 19dBi-15deg P2P long-distance backhaul (< 5 km)
Backhaul
720 720 640 500 380 250 160 160 Backhaul bandwidth 340 340 340 270 200 160 120 80
bandwidth
Other indicators of mesh services: delay ≤ 20 ms, packet loss rate ≤ 0.1%, meeting video backhaul requirements
1. To estimate bandwidth at a transmission distance between two distance values listed in the table, refer to the
bandwidth value of the larger distance. For example, to estimate bandwidth value at a distance of 4 km, refer to the
Page 17 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. bandwidth value at a transmission distance of 5 km.
2. The preceding data does not take EIRP into account and is calculated based on the maximum transmit power of the AP.
Requirement Device Bandwidth
Site Survey Link Design
Collection Selection Design
Bandwidth Design — Mesh P2MP Transmission
The throughput of P2MP transmission is multiplied by the throughput impact factor based on the P2P transmission performance.
The throughput impact factor is related to the MPP:MP ratio in P2MP transmission. The following table lists the specific ratios.
30 Mbps
Throughput Impact Factor
MPP:MP Ratio 90 Mbps
MPP MP
MP
1:1 1 1
MPP Distance: 1 km
1:2 0.8 0.40
1:3 0.75 0.25 MP
1:4 0.7 0.18
1:5 0.65 0.13
1:6 0.6 0.10
MP
Example: Data of three cameras at different positions needs to be backhauled. Each camera requires 7 Mbps bandwidth. The MPP is equipped with built-in 4x4
11 dBi-60° antennas (capable of covering all MPs), and MPs have external 2x2 19 dBi-15° antennas connected. The maximum distance between the MPP and
MPs is 2 km, the frequency bandwidth is HE20, and the P2P throughput is 120 Mbps. When the MPP:MP ratio is 1:3, the throughput is calculated as follows:
Total MPP bandwidth: 120 x 0.75 = 90 Mbps
MP bandwidth: 120 x 0.25 = 30 Mbps > 7 Mbps, meeting service requirements
Note: If the bandwidth does not meet service requirements, improve the bandwidth in various ways, for example, by using high-bandwidth channels, shortening
the mesh backhaul distance, selecting high-gain antennas, or reducing the MPP:MP ratio.
Page 18 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Requirement Device Bandwidth
Site Survey Link Design
Collection Selection Design
Bandwidth Design — Multi-Hop Chain (Cross-Channel)
In multi-hop chain scenarios, assuming that channels of each hop do not interfere with each other, the performance
of each hop decreases by 5%. It is recommended that relay nodes supporting dual-5G be deployed.
100 Mbps
Node MP1 MP2 MP3 MP4 MP5 MP6 MP7 MP8
Distance: 2 km
Throughput
MP1 1 0.95 0.90 0.86 0.81 0.77 0.74 0.70
impact factor
Distance: 500 m
MPP
Distance: 200 m
Building
38 Mbps
MP2
MP3 38 Mbps
Example: Data of three cameras at different positions needs to be backhauled, two of which are totally invisible to the MPP. Each camera requires 7 Mbps bandwidth. The MPP
and MPs are AirEngine 8760R-X1E APs with external 16 dBi-18° antennas connected. MP1 is a relay AP and has the triple-radio mode enabled. The HE20 frequency bandwidth
is used, and cameras are connected to APs through Ethernet cables. The queried P2P throughput of MP1 bandwidth is 100 Mbps. The MPP:MP on the second relay backhaul
path is 1:2, with the attenuation factor of 0.4. Bandwidth of each end MP is: MP2 bandwidth: 100 x (1 – 5%) x 0.4 = 38 Mbps, meeting backhaul requirements.
Note: If the bandwidth does not meet service requirements, improve the bandwidth in various ways, for example, by using high-bandwidth channels, shortening the mesh
backhaul distance, selecting high-gain antennas, or reducing the MPP:MP ratio. Starting from V200R021C10, multi-hop mesh networking is supported. Before deploying APs in
this scenario, upgrade APs to V200R021C10 or later. Otherwise, APs cannot go online.
Page 19 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Requirement Device Bandwidth
Site Survey Link Design
Collection Selection Design
Bandwidth Design — Blocking in the Fresnel Zone
Take the blocking in the Fresnel zone into account when determining the installation height of
antennas. That is, the antennas must be installed at a position of at least the Fresnel zone radius r
higher than the building.
Backhaul distance: d (km) 1 2 3 4 5
Round-up Fresnel zone
radius: r (m) 4 6 7 8 9
* Take the 5 GHz frequency band as an example.
If the Fresnel zone is blocked by obstacles, the actual bandwidth is calculated as follows: Theoretical bandwidth
without obstacles x (1 – Blocked length of the Fresnel zone/2r), where r indicates the radius of the Fresnel zone.
* Fresnel zone: The Fresnel zone of radio beams is an ellipsoid area around a transmission path within the line of sight (LOS) path. The thickness of
the zone varies with the signal path length and the signal frequency.
Page 20 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Contents
1. Backhaul Scenario Overview
2. WLAN Planning Process for Backhaul Scenarios
3. WLAN Construction Standards for Backhaul Scenarios
4. Typical WLAN Design Case in Backhaul Scenarios
Page 21 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Port (Quay Crane) Backhaul Scenario
Scenario-specific requirement description
Typical Number of Bandwidth
Bandwidth 2.4 GHz Number of Network
Scenario Backhaul Service on the WMN STAs per per Quay
(Mbps) Coverage Quay Cranes Topology
Distance Quay Crane Crane
Video security (720p and
4–8 No 4
Port 1080p)
About 35 Single-hop P2MP
(quay 0.1–3 km ≤ 20
Mbps bus topology
crane) SMS service: non-real-time
2 Yes 1
control
Quay crane or bridge crane
One scenario, one policy
Node Device Frequency Throughput (Mbps) Packet
Product Model Delay
Type Type Bandwidth MPP:MP = 1:3 MPP:MP = 1:6 Loss Rate
AP AirEngine 5761R-11E
(Part number: 27010906) Outdoor 5 GHz
MPP Backhaul 187.5 150
dual-polarized directional antenna (H32
antenna
V32 G14)
AP AirEngine 5761R-11E
(Part number: 27010890) Outdoor 5 GHz
Backhaul 80 MHz 20 ms < 0.1%
dual-polarized directional antenna (H15
antenna
V15 G19)
MP 62.5 25
(Part number: 27013721) Outdoor 2.4
Coverage GHz & 5 GHz single-polarized
antenna omnidirectional antenna (H360 V30 G4 &
Quay crane H360 V15 G7)
Page 22 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Network Planning Solution for Port (Quay
Crane) Backhaul Scenarios
Single-hop P2MP bus topology:
Application scenario: When the MPP-MP distance is less than or
MP MP MP equal to 3 km, a maximum of eight hops are supported. Three to six
hops are recommended.
• The MPP is the root node, which is installed on a lamp pole and connected to
≤ 3 km
MPP an uplink switch through optical fibers or Ethernet cables.
• The MP is a leaf node installed on a quay crane to provide wireless data
backhaul and Internet access for STAs.
5 GHz backhaul antenna: high-gain small-
•
angle directional antenna Backhaul channel: HE80 @ 5 GHz; coverage channel: HE20 @ 2.4 GHz
2.4 GHz/5 GHz coverage antenna for Note: In a one-hop P2MP scenario, if the backhaul distance of an MP exceeds 3
providing Internet access for STAs km, one hop of relay node needs to be added.
Precaution: Starting from V200R022C00, multi-hop mesh networking is supported. Before deploying APs in this scenario, upgrade APs to
V200R022C00 or later. Otherwise, APs cannot go online.
Page 23 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Oil and Gas (Oilfield) Backhaul Scenario
Scenario-specific requirement description
Number
Typical
2.4 GHz of STAs Bandwidth Number
Scenario Backhaul Service on the WMN Bandwidth (Mbps) Network Topology
Coverage on Each per Node of Nodes
Distance
Node
Video security (720p and
4–8 No 2
Oil and 1080p)
About 20 Single-hop P2MP
gas 0.1–1 km ≤ 30
Mbps tree topology
(oilfield) O&M inspection (text and
2 Yes 2
image data)
Oilfield One scenario, one policy
Throughput (Mbps)
Node Device Frequency Packet
Product Model Delay
Type Type Bandwidth Loss Rate
MPP:MP = 1:3 MPP:MP = 1:6
AP AirEngine 5761R-11E
MPP Backhaul (Part number: 27010889) Outdoor 5 GHz dual- 285 228
antenna polarized directional antenna (H60 V30 G11.5)
AP AirEngine 5761R-11E
80 MHz 20 ms < 0.1%
Backhaul (Part number: 27010890) Outdoor 5 GHz dual-
MP antenna polarized directional antenna (H15 V15 G19) 95 38
(Part number: 27013721) Outdoor 2.4 GHz & 5
Coverage
GHz single-polarized omnidirectional antenna
antenna
Oilfield (H360 V30 G4 & H360 V15 G7)
Page 24 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Network Planning Solution for Oil and Gas
(Oilfield) Backhaul Scenarios
Single-hop P2MP tree topology:
Application scenario: When the MPP-MP distance is less than or equal
MP
MP to 1 km, a maximum of eight hops are supported. Six hops are
recommended.
• The MPP is the root node, which is installed on a lamp pole and connected to an
MPP
MP uplink switch through optical fibers or Ethernet cables.
• The MP is a leaf node installed near a pipeline to provide wireless data backhaul
≤ 1 km
and Internet access for STAs.
5 GHz backhaul antenna: high-gain small- • Backhaul channel: HE80 @ 5 GHz; coverage channel: HE20 @ 2.4 GHz.
angle directional antenna Note: In oilfield scenarios, pipelines are complex and professional network planning
2.4 GHz/5 GHz coverage antenna for is required to avoid interference from metal pipeline lanes.
providing Internet access for STAs
Precaution: Starting from V200R022C00, multi-hop mesh networking is supported. Before deploying APs in this scenario, upgrade APs to
V200R022C00 or later. Otherwise, APs cannot go online.
Page 25 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Power Tower Backhaul Scenario
Scenario-specific requirement description
Typical Number of
2.4 GHz Bandwidth Number
Scenario Backhaul Service on the WMN Bandwidth (Mbps) STAs on Network Topology
Coverage per Node of Nodes
Distance Each Node
Video security (720p
4–8 No 2
Power and 1080p) About 20 Multi-hop P2MP
0.5–1 km ≤ 8
tower O&M inspection (text Mbps chain topology
2 Yes 2
and image data)
One scenario, one policy
Packet
Node Device Frequency Throughput (Mbps)
Product Model Delay Loss
Type Type Bandwidth
Per-Hop Distance: 3 km Rate
AP AirEngine 5761R-11E
Power tower MPP Backhaul (Part number: 27010890) Outdoor 5 GHz dual-polarized 160
antenna directional antenna (H15 V15 G19)
AP AirEngine 5761R-11E
Relay
Backhaul (Part number: 27010890) Outdoor 5 GHz dual-polarized 160
node 1
antenna directional antenna (H15 V15 G19)
AP AirEngine 5761R-11E
Relay
Backhaul (Part number: 27010890) Outdoor 5 GHz dual-polarized 152
node 2
antenna directional antenna (H15 V15 G19)
40 MHz 20 ms < 0.1%
AP AirEngine 5761R-11E
... Backhaul (Part number: 27010890) Outdoor 5 GHz dual-polarized ...
antenna directional antenna (H15 V15 G19)
AP AirEngine 5761R-11E
Backhaul (Part number: 27010890) Outdoor 5 GHz dual-polarized
antenna directional antenna (H15 V15 G19)
MP8 112
(Part number: 27013721) Outdoor 2.4 GHz & 5 GHz
Coverage
single-polarized omnidirectional antenna (H360 V30 G4 &
Power tower antenna
H360 V15 G7)
Page 26 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Network Planning Solution for Power
Tower Backhaul Scenarios
Multi-hop P2MP chain topology: Application scenario: When the MPP-MP distance is greater than or equal to 0.5
≥ 0.5 km km and a large number of AP connections in series are required, a maximum of
MPP
MP MP eight hops are supported. It is recommended that the number of hops be
... MP determined based on the distance.
• The MPP is the root node, which is installed on a power tower and connected
to an uplink switch through optical fibers or Ethernet cables.
• The MP is a leaf node installed on a power tower to provide wired access for
5 GHz backhaul antenna: high-gain small- cameras or connect to another AP to provide 2.4 GHz coverage for access of
angle directional antenna
inspection personnel. After the eighth hop, wireless coverage can be provided
2.4 GHz/5 GHz coverage antenna for
providing Internet access for STAs for STAs to access the Internet or a new node can be connected in wired
mode. The performance of each hop decreases by 5%. Determine the number
of hops based on service requirements.
Precaution: Starting from V200R022C00, multi-hop mesh networking • Backhaul channel: HE40 @ 5 GHz; coverage channel: HE20 @ 2.4 GHz.
is supported. Before deploying APs in this scenario, upgrade APs to Note: In multi-hop chain scenarios, it is recommended that relay nodes
V200R022C00 or later. Otherwise, APs cannot go online. supporting dual-5G be deployed.
Page 27 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Metal Mine Drift Backhaul Scenario
Scenario-specific requirement description
Typical Number of Number of
Bandwidth 2.4 GHz Bandwidth Network
Scenario Backhaul Service on the WMN STAs on Mining
(Mbps) Coverage per Node Topology
Distance Each Node Trucks
- - No -
Metal About 10 Single-hop P2MP
0.01–0.2 km ≤ 20
mine drift Mbps bus topology
Video backhaul of dashcams 4 Yes ≤ 2
Drift
One scenario, one policy
Throughput (Mbps)
Node Device Frequency Packet
Product Model Delay
Type Type Bandwidth Loss Rate
MPP:MP = 1:6 MPP:MP = 1:8
AP AirEngine 5761R-11E
MPP Backhaul (Part number: 27010906) Outdoor 5 GHz dual- 330 275
antenna polarized directional antenna (H32 V32 G14)
AP AirEngine 5761R-11E
80 MHz 20 ms < 0.1%
Backhaul (Part number: 27010890) Outdoor 5 GHz dual-
MP antenna polarized directional antenna (H15 V15 G19) 55 34
Coverage (Part number: 27010904) Outdoor 2.4 GHz dual-
Drift antenna polarized directional antenna (H30 V30 G14)
Page 28 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Network Planning Solution for Metal Mine Drift
Backhaul Scenarios
Single-hop P2MP bus topology:
Application scenario: When the MPP-MP distance is less than or
MP MP MP
equal to 0.2 km, a maximum of eight hops are supported. Eight hops
MPP
are recommended.
≤ 0.2 km • The MPP is the root node, which is installed on a wall and connected to an
uplink switch through optical fibers or Ethernet cables.
• The MP is a leaf node installed on the wall of the drivage drift to provide
5 GHz backhaul antenna: high-gain small- wireless data backhaul and Internet access for STAs.
angle directional antenna
• Backhaul channel: HE80 @ 5 GHz; coverage channel: HE20 @ 2.4 GHz.
2.4 GHz/5 GHz coverage antenna for Note: In drift scenarios, LOS transmission is required for mesh backhaul. If
providing Internet access for STAs
backhaul signals are blocked by a curve, one hop of relay node needs to be added.
Precaution: Starting from V200R022C00, multi-hop mesh networking is supported. Before deploying APs in this scenario, upgrade APs to
V200R022C00 or later. Otherwise, APs cannot go online.
Page 29 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Bridge Crane Backhaul Scenario in Steel Plants
Scenario-specific requirement description
Number of Number of
Typical Backhaul Service on the Mesh Bandwidth 2.4 GHz Bandwidth Network
Scenario STAs on Bridge
Distance Network (Mbps) Coverage per Node Topology
Each Node Cranes
Video security (720p and
4–8 No 4
Bridge 1080p)
About 35
crane in a 0.01–0.5 km 1 Single-hop P2P
Mbps
steel plant SMS service: non-real-time
2 Yes 1
control
Bridge crane One scenario, one policy
Node Device Frequency Throughput (Mbps) Packet
Product Model Delay
Type Type Bandwidth MPP:MP = 1:1 MPP:MP = 1:2 Loss Rate
AP AirEngine 5761R-11E
MPP Backhaul (Part number: 27010889) Outdoor 5 GHz dual- 420 336
antenna polarized directional antenna (H60 V30 G11.5)
AP AirEngine 5761R-11E
Backhaul (Part number: 27010890) Outdoor 5 GHz dual- 80 MHz 20 ms < 0.1%
antenna polarized directional antenna (H15 V15 G19)
MP 420 168
(Part number: 27013721) Outdoor 2.4 GHz & 5
Coverage
GHz single-polarized omnidirectional antenna
Bridge crane antenna
(H360 V30 G4 & H360 V15 G7)
Page 30 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Network Planning Solution for Bridge Crane
Backhaul in a Steel Plant
Single-hop P2P backhaul:
Application scenario: P2P backhaul distance between the MPP and MP ≤ 0.5 km
MPP MP • The MPP is the root node, which is installed on a wall and connected to an
uplink switch through optical fibers or Ethernet cables.
≤ 0.5 km
• The MP is a leaf node installed on a bridge crane to provide wireless data
backhaul and Internet access for STAs.
5 GHz backhaul antenna: high-gain small- • Backhaul channel: HE80 @ 5 GHz; coverage channel: HE20 @ 2.4 GHz
angle directional antenna Note: A bridge crane moves along the driving track. Roaming is not required
2.4 GHz/5 GHz coverage antenna for because the backhaul distance is relatively short.
providing Internet access for STAs
Precaution: Starting from V200R022C00, multi-hop mesh networking is supported. Before deploying APs in this scenario, upgrade APs to
V200R022C00 or later. Otherwise, APs cannot go online.
Page 31 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Engineering Vehicle Inspection Backhaul
Scenario in Wind Farms
Scenario-specific requirement description
Number of Number of
Typical Backhaul Service on the Mesh Bandwidth 2.4 GHz Bandwidth
Scenario STAs on Each Inspection Network Topology
Distance Network (Mbps) Coverage per Node
Node Vehicles
O&M inspection
Engineering (voice call and video 4 Yes 2
vehicle
data) About 12
inspection 0.1–1 km 1 Single-hop P2P
Mbps
in a wind O&M inspection (text
2 Yes -
2.4 GHz coverage farm and image data)
Engineering vehicle inspection
One scenario, one policy
Throughput (Mbps)
Device Frequency Packet
Node Product Model Delay
Type Bandwidth Loss Rate
Type MPP:MP = 1:1 MPP:MP = 1:2
AP AirEngine 5761R-11E
MPP Backhaul (Part number: 27010889) Outdoor 5 GHz dual- 80 64
antenna polarized directional antenna (H60 V30 G11.5)
AP AirEngine 5761R-11E
80 MHz 20 ms < 0.1%
(Part number: 27013721) Outdoor 2.4 GHz & 5
Backhaul
GHz single-polarized omnidirectional antenna
antenna
MP (H360 V30 G4 & H360 V15 G7) 80 32
(Part number: 27013721) Outdoor 2.4 GHz & 5
Coverage
GHz single-polarized omnidirectional antenna
antenna
Engineering vehicle inspection (H360 V30 G4 & H360 V15 G7)
Page 32 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Network Planning Solution for Engineering
Vehicle Inspection Backhaul in a Wind Farm
Single-hop P2P backhaul: Application scenario: P2P backhaul distance between the MPP and MP
≤ 1 km
MPP MP • The MPP is the root node, which is installed at the bottom of a wind turbine
tower and connected to an uplink switch through optical fibers or Ethernet
≤ 1 km
cables.
• The MP is a leaf node installed on an inspection vehicle to provide wireless data
backhaul and Internet access for STAs.
5 GHz backhaul antenna: high-gain small- • Backhaul channel: HE80 @ 5 GHz; coverage channel: HE20 @ 2.4 GHz.
angle directional antenna Note: An engineering vehicle inspects the entire wind farm along the road, requiring
2.4 GHz/5 GHz coverage antenna for roaming (disconnected and then reassociated). MPs use omnidirectional antennas
providing Internet access for STAs
for backhaul.
Precaution: Starting from V200R022C00, multi-hop mesh networking is supported. Before deploying APs in this scenario, upgrade APs to
V200R022C00 or later. Otherwise, APs cannot go online.
Page 33 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Contents
1. Backhaul Scenario Overview
2. WLAN Planning Process for Backhaul Scenarios
3. WLAN Construction Standards for Backhaul Scenarios
4. Typical WLAN Design Case in Backhaul Scenarios
Page 34 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Video Backhaul Project Case — Requirements
Collection
Requirement Type Description
• Collect the floor plan Floor plan Take a screenshot using the XX map software.
MPP distribution Green points in the figure
and requirement Guard booths evenly distributed along the shore at
MP distribution
information. red points in the figure
Each guard booth has two cameras, requiring a total
Service requirement
bandwidth of 14 Mbps.
A PoE adapter is connected to the local 220 V power
Power supply mode
system to supply power to APs.
Available channels Channels 36–64, 100–144, and 149–165 are available.
and EIRP restrictions No EIRP restriction
Page 35 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Video Backhaul Project Case — Site Survey
Requirement Type Description
The distance between the MP and MPP may be affected by trailers. The height of a trailer and
Signal propagation environment
container is about 4.5 m, and that of a booth is about 2.5 m.
New poles can be installed for MPPs. It is recommended that 3 m poles be installed above
Installation position and mode
booths for MPs to avoid signal blocking by trailers.
Scan the wireless environment near the site. There is no interference on the 5 GHz Wi-Fi
Interference scanning
frequency band.
Site photos Collected
MPP
Guard booth
Page 36 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Video Backhaul Project Case — Solution Design
MPP: AirEngine 5761R-11E + (part number: 27010890) Outdoor
MPP1
5 GHz dual-polarized directional antenna (H15 V15 G19)
MP: AirEngine 5761R-11E + (part number: 27010890) Outdoor 5
GHz dual-polarized directional antenna (H15 V15 G19)
MPP1: connects to three MPs, supporting a maximum
backhaul distance of 1.2 km.
Total backhaul bandwidth: 110 Mbps @ 40 MHz
MPP3 Bandwidth of a single MP: 37 Mbps
MPP2 (configured with dual-5G and connected to two
antennas)
Connects to two MPs, supporting a maximum backhaul
distance of 800 m.
Total backhaul bandwidth: 190 Mbps @ 40 MHz
Bandwidth of a single MP: 95 Mbps
Connects to one MP, supporting a maximum backhaul
distance of 800 m.
Total backhaul bandwidth: 240 Mbps @ 40 MHz
MPP3: connects to three MPs, supporting a maximum
880 m
backhaul distance of 1.4 km.
MPP2
Total backhaul bandwidth: 110 Mbps @ 40 MHz
Bandwidth of a single MP: 37 Mbps
Page 37 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Summary
1. Typical service types and challenges in backhaul scenarios
2. WLAN planning process for backhaul scenarios
3. Huawei's WLAN construction standards and planning rules for backhaul scenarios
4. Video backhaul project case
Page 38 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Thank You
www.huawei.com
Page 39 Copyright © 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
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