Understanding Routing Policies
A routing policy uses different matching rules and modes to select routes and change route attributes. Six different filters in the routing policy can be used independently to filter routes in specific scenarios. If the device supports the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) to Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) function, BGP private attributes can serve as matching rules when the IGP imports BGP routes.
Routing Policy Principle
Figure 10-1 shows that a routing policy consists of N nodes (N ≥ 1). Each node has its own set of if-match clauses that must be matched in order to accept a policy. The if-match clauses define matching rules related to route attributes and six filters. The system checks routes in the nodes of a routing policy in ascending order of node IDs.
When a route matches all if-match clauses in a node, the route enters the matching mode without other nodes checking. The two supported matching modes are:
- permit: A route is permitted, and actions defined by apply clauses are performed on the route to set its attributes.
- deny: A route is denied.
If a route does not match any if-match clause in a node, the route is passed to the next node. If the route does not match any node, the route is filtered out.
Filters
The six filters specified in if-match clauses in a routing policy are access control list (ACL), IP prefix list, AS_Path filter, community filter, extended community filter, and route distinguisher (RD) filter. These filters have their own matching rules and modes and can be used independently to filter routes in specific situations. The following offers a brief explanation to each of these filters.
ACL
ACLs filter routes based on the inbound interface, source or destination IP address, source or destination port number, and protocol of packets. They can be used independently when routing protocols advertise and receive routes. The if-match clauses in a routing policy support only basic ACLs.
ACLs can be used in not only a routing policy but other scenarios. For details, see "Principles" in the Configuration Guide - Security - ACL Configuration.
IP Prefix List
IP prefix lists filter routes based on the IP prefixes of the source IP address, destination IP address, and next-hop IP address of packets. They can be used independently when routing protocols advertise and receive routes.
Each IP prefix list consists of multiple indexes, and each index matches a node. An IP prefix list checks routes in the nodes of a routing policy in ascending order of node IDs. If a route matches one node, the route is not checked by additional nodes. If a route does not match any one of the nodes, the route is filtered out.
The IP prefix list supports exact matching or matching within a specified mask length.
When an IP address is 0.0.0.0 (a wildcard address), all routes in the mask length range are permitted or denied.
AS_Path Filter
The AS_Path filter uses the AS_Path attribute of BGP to filter routes. It can be used independently when BGP advertises and receives routes.
The AS_Path attribute records all ASs that a route passes through. For details about the AS_Path attribute, see "Principles - BGP Concepts" in the Configuration Guide - IP Routing - BGP Configuration.
Community Filter
The community filter uses the community attribute of BGP to filter routes. It can be used independently when BGP advertises and receives routes.
The community attribute identifies a group of routes with the same properties. For details about the community attribute, see "Principles - BGP Concepts" in the Configuration Guide - IP Routing - BGP Configuration.
Extended Community Filter
The extended community filter uses the extended community attribute of BGP to filter routes. It can be used independently when VPN targets are used to identify routes in a VPN.
Currently, the extended community filter applies only to the VPN target attribute in a VPN. On a BGP/MPLS IP VPN network, VPN targets are used to control the advertising and receiving of VPN routing information between sites. For details about the VPN target attribute, see "Principles - Concepts" in the Configuration Guide - VPN - BGP MPLS IP VPN Configuration.
RD Filter
The RD filter uses the RD attribute in a VPN to filter routes. It can be used independently when the RD attribute is used to identify routes in a VPN.
A VPN instance uses RDs to separate address spaces and distinguish the IP prefixes with the same address space. For details about the RD attribute, see "Principles - Concepts" in the Configuration Guide - VPN - BGP MPLS IP VPN Configuration.
BGP to IGP Function
The BGP to IGP function enables IGPs to identify private attributes of BGP such as the community, extended community, and AS_Path attributes.
Routing policies can be used when an IGP imports BGP routes. BGP private attributes can be used as matching rules in routing policies only when the device supports the BGP to IGP function. When the device does not support the BGP to IGP function, the IGP cannot identify private attributes of BGP routes. Therefore, matching rules do not take effect.
