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Autonomous System
An Autonomous System (AS) is a set of IP networks and routers under one administration entity and with common routing policies.
Each AS supports multiple IGPs. All the networks in an AS are assigned the same AS number and managed by the same administration group. Two types of AS numbers are available: a 2-byte AS number (with a number range from 1 to 65535) and a 4-byte AS number (with a number range from 1 to 4294967295). Available AS numbers can become exhausted thereby 2-byte AS numbers need to be extended to 4-byte AS numbers. A 4-byte AS number is shown in the X.Y format, where X ranges from 1 to 65535 and Y ranges from 0 to 65535.
Based on the network where they are used, AS numbers are classified
into two types. Table 1-4 lists the two types of AS numbers and their ranges.