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Example for Configuring VPN Traversal Between the AC and APs
Service Requirements
Enterprise users can access the network through WLANs, which is the basic requirement of mobile office. Furthermore, users' services are not affected during roaming in the coverage area.
APs are located in an enterprise branch, while the AC is located at the headquarters. Administrators require unified AP management by the AC and protection on traffic exchanged between the branch and headquarters. Therefore, an IPSec tunnel is established between the branch and headquarters to protect traffic.
Networking Requirements
- AC networking mode: IPSec tunnel between the AC at the headquarters and APs in the branch.
- DHCP deployment mode: Router_1 functions as a DHCP server to assign IP addresses to APs and STAs.
- Service data forwarding mode: direct forwarding
Figure 4-26 Networking for configuring VPN traversal between the AC and APs
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Data Planning
Table 4-22 AC data planning
Item |
Data |
|---|---|
WLAN service data planning on the AC |
|
Management VLAN for APs |
VLAN 200 |
Service VLAN for STAs |
VLAN 101 |
DHCP server |
Router_1 functions as a DHCP server to assign IP addresses to APs and STAs. |
IP address pool for APs |
10.23.100.2-10.23.100.254/24 |
IP address pool for STAs |
10.23.101.2-10.23.101.254/24 |
AC's source interface address |
VLANIF 200: 10.23.200.1/24 |
AP group |
|
Regulatory domain profile |
|
SSID profile |
|
Security profile |
|
VAP profile |
|
IPSec data planning on Router_2 |
|
IKE parameters |
|
IPSec parameters |
|
IPSec policy |
Connection name: map1
|
Configuration Roadmap
- Configure network interworking of the AC, APs, and other network devices.
- Configure IPSec parameters to set up an IPSec tunnel.
Configure an IP address and a static route on each interface to implement communication between both ends.
Configure ACLs and define the data flows to be protected by the IPSec tunnel.
Configure an IPSec proposal to define the traffic protection method.
Configure IKE peers and define the attributes used for IKE negotiation.
Configure an IPSec policy, and apply the ACL, IPSec proposal, and IKE peers to the IPSec policy to define the data flows to be protected and protection method.
Apply the IPSec policy to the interface so that the interface can protect traffic.
- Configure the APs to go online.
- Create an AP group and add APs that require the same configuration to the group for unified configuration.
- Configure AC system parameters, including the country code and source interface used by the AC to communicate with the APs.
- Configure the AP authentication mode and import the APs offline to allow the APs to go online.
- Configure WLAN service parameters for STAs to access the WLAN.
Configuration Notes
- No ACK mechanism is provided for multicast packet transmission on air interfaces. In addition, wireless links are unstable. To ensure stable transmission of multicast packets, they are usually sent at low rates. If a large number of such multicast packets are sent from the network side, the air interfaces may be congested. You are advised to configure multicast packet suppression to reduce impact of a large number of low-rate multicast packets on the wireless network. Exercise caution when configuring the rate limit; otherwise, the multicast services may be affected.
- In direct forwarding mode, you are advised to configure multicast packet suppression on switch interfaces connected to APs.
- In tunnel forwarding mode, you are advised to configure multicast packet suppression in traffic profiles of the AC.
Configure port isolation on the interfaces of the device directly connected to APs. If port isolation is not configured and direct forwarding is used, a large number of unnecessary broadcast packets may be generated in the VLAN, blocking the network and degrading user experience.
In tunnel forwarding mode, the management VLAN and service VLAN cannot be the same. Only packets from the management VLAN are transmitted between the AC and APs. Packets from the service VLAN are not allowed between the AC and APs.
Procedure
- Configure the network devices.# On Switch, add GE0/0/1 and GE0/0/2 to VLAN 100 and VLAN 101. VLAN 100 is the default VLAN of GE0/0/1.
<HUAWEI> system-view [HUAWEI] sysname Switch [Switch] vlan batch 100 101 [Switch] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/1 [Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port link-type trunk [Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port trunk pvid vlan 100 [Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port trunk allow-pass vlan 100 101 [Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port-isolate enable [Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] quit [Switch] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/2 [Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] port link-type trunk [Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] port trunk allow-pass vlan 100 101 [Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] quit
# On Router_1, add GE1/0/0 to VLAN 100 and VLAN 101. If the peer end of GE0/0/1 is at 192.168.1.2/24, set the IP address of GE0/0/1 to 192.168.1.1/24.<Huawei> system-view [Huawei] sysname Router_1 [Router_1] vlan batch 100 101 [Router_1] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/0 [Router_1-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] port link-type trunk [Router_1-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] port trunk allow-pass vlan 100 101 [Router_1-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] quit [Router_1] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/1 [Router_1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 [Router_1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] quit
# Configure a default route with the next hop address 192.168.1.2 on Router_1.[Router_1] ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.2
# On Router_2, add GE1/0/0 to VLAN 200. Create VLANIF 200 and set its IP address to 10.23.200.2/24. If the peer end of GE0/0/1 is at 192.168.2.2/24, set the IP address of GE0/0/1 to 192.168.2.1/24.<Huawei> system-view [Huawei] sysname Router_2 [Router_2] vlan batch 200 [Router_2] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/0 [Router_2-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] port link-type trunk [Router_2-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] port trunk allow-pass vlan 200 [Router_2-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] quit [Router_2] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/1 [Router_2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 [Router_2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] quit [Router_2] interface vlanif 200 [Router_2-Vlanif200] ip address 10.23.200.2 24 [Router_2-Vlanif200] quit
# Configure a static route from Router_2 to APs with the next hop address 192.168.2.2 on Router_2.[Router_2] ip route-static 10.23.100.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2 [Router_2] ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2
- Configure the AC to communicate with the network devices.# On the AC, add GE0/0/1 to VLAN 200. Create VLANIF 200 and set its IP address to 10.23.200.1/24.
<AC> system-view [AC] sysname AC [AC] vlan batch 101 200 [AC] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/1 [AC-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port link-type trunk [AC-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port trunk allow-pass vlan 200 [AC-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] quit [AC] interface vlanif 200 [AC-Vlanif200] ip address 10.23.200.1 24 [AC-Vlanif200] quit
# Configure a static route from the AC to APs with the next hop address 10.23.200.2 on the AC.[AC] ip route-static 10.23.100.0 255.255.255.0 10.23.200.2
- Configure a DHCP server to assign IP addresses to APs and STAs.# Configure Router_1 as a DHCP server to assign IP addresses to APs and STAs.
[Router_1] dhcp enable [Router_1] interface vlanif 100 [Router_1-Vlanif100] ip address 10.23.100.1 255.255.255.0 [Router_1-Vlanif100] dhcp select global [Router_1-Vlanif100] quit [Router_1] ip pool ap [Router_1-ip-pool-ap] gateway-list 10.23.100.1 [Router_1-ip-pool-ap] network 10.23.100.0 mask 24 [Router_1-ip-pool-ap] option 43 sub-option 3 ascii 10.23.200.1 [Router_1-ip-pool-ap] quit [Router_1] interface vlanif 101 [Router_1-Vlanif101] ip address 10.23.101.1 255.255.255.0 [Router_1-Vlanif101] dhcp select interface [Router_1-Vlanif101] quit
Configure the DNS server as required. The common methods are as follows:- In interface address pool scenarios, run the dhcp server dns-list ip-address &<1-8> command in the VLANIF interface view.
- In global address pool scenarios, run the dns-list ip-address &<1-8> command in the IP address pool view.
- Configure ACLs and define the data flows to be protected by the IPSec tunnel.# On Router_2, configure an ACL to protect the data flows from the AC (IP address 10.23.200.0/24) at the headquarters to the APs (IP address 10.23.100.0/24) in the branch.
[Router_2] acl number 3101 [Router_2-acl-adv-3101] rule permit ip source 10.23.200.0 0.0.0.255 destination 10.23.100.0 0.0.0.255 [Router_2-acl-adv-3101] quit
# On Router_1, configure an ACL to protect the data flows from the APs (IP address 10.23.100.0/24) in the branch to the AC (IP address 10.23.200.0/24) at the headquarters.[Router_1] acl number 3101 [Router_1-acl-adv-3101] rule permit ip source 10.23.100.0 0.0.0.255 destination 10.23.200.0 0.0.0.255 [Router_1-acl-adv-3101] quit
- Configure IPSec.
- Configure an AP to go online.# Create an AP group to which the APs with the same configuration can be added.
[AC] wlan [AC-wlan-view] ap-group name ap-group1 [AC-wlan-ap-group-ap-group1] quit
# Create a regulatory domain profile, configure the AC country code in the profile, and apply the profile to the AP group.[AC-wlan-view] regulatory-domain-profile name default [AC-wlan-regulate-domain-default] country-code cn [AC-wlan-regulate-domain-default] quit [AC-wlan-view] ap-group name ap-group1 [AC-wlan-ap-group-ap-group1] regulatory-domain-profile default Warning: Modifying the country code will clear channel, power and antenna gain configurations of the radio and reset the AP. Continue?[Y/N]:y [AC-wlan-ap-group-ap-group1] quit [AC-wlan-view] quit
# Configure the AC's source interface.[AC] capwap source interface vlanif 200
# Import the AP offline on the AC and add the AP to AP group ap-group1. Assume that the AP's MAC address is 60de-4476-e360. Configure a name for the AP based on the AP's deployment location, so that you can know where the AP is deployed from its name. For example, name the AP area_1 if it is deployed in Area 1.The default AP authentication mode is MAC address authentication. If the default settings are retained, you do not need to run the ap auth-mode mac-auth command.
In this example, the AP5030DN is used and has two radios: radio 0 and radio 1. Radio 0 of the AP5030DN works on the 2.4 GHz frequency band and radio 1 works on the 5 GHz frequency band.
[AC] wlan [AC-wlan-view] ap auth-mode mac-auth [AC-wlan-view] ap-id 0 ap-mac 60de-4476-e360 [AC-wlan-ap-0] ap-name area_1 Warning: This operation may cause AP reset. Continue? [Y/N]:y [AC-wlan-ap-0] ap-group ap-group1 Warning: This operation may cause AP reset. If the country code changes, it will clear channel, power and antenna gain configuration s of the radio, Whether to continue? [Y/N]:y [AC-wlan-ap-0] quit
# After the AP is powered on, run the display ap all command to check the AP state. If the State field is displayed as nor, the AP goes online successfully.[AC-wlan-view] display ap all Total AP information: nor : normal [1] Extra information: P : insufficient power supply -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ID MAC Name Group IP Type State STA Uptime ExtraInfo -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 60de-4476-e360 area_1 ap-group1 10.23.100.254 AP5030DN nor 0 10S - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total: 1
- Configure WLAN service parameters.# Create security profile wlan-net and configure a security policy in the profile.
In this example, the security policy is set to WPA-WPA2+PSK+AES and the password to a1234567. In actual situations, the security policy must be configured according to service requirements.
[AC-wlan-view] security-profile name wlan-net [AC-wlan-sec-prof-wlan-net] security wpa-wpa2 psk pass-phrase a1234567 aes [AC-wlan-sec-prof-wlan-net] quit
# Create SSID profile wlan-net and set the SSID name to wlan-net.[AC-wlan-view] ssid-profile name wlan-net [AC-wlan-ssid-prof-wlan-net] ssid wlan-net [AC-wlan-ssid-prof-wlan-net] quit
# Create VAP profile wlan-net, set the data forwarding mode and service VLAN, and apply the security profile and SSID profile to the VAP profile.[AC-wlan-view] vap-profile name wlan-net [AC-wlan-net-prof-wlan-net] forward-mode direct-forward [AC-wlan-net-prof-wlan-net] service-vlan vlan-id 101 [AC-wlan-net-prof-wlan-net] security-profile wlan-net [AC-wlan-net-prof-wlan-net] ssid-profile wlan-net [AC-wlan-net-prof-wlan-net] quit
# Bind VAP profile wlan-net to the AP group and apply the profile to radio 0 and radio 1 of the AP.[AC-wlan-view] ap-group name ap-group1 [AC-wlan-ap-group-ap-group1] vap-profile wlan-net wlan 1 radio 0 [AC-wlan-ap-group-ap-group1] vap-profile wlan-net wlan 1 radio 1 [AC-wlan-ap-group-ap-group1] quit
- Set the channels and power for AP radios.
Automatic channel and power calibration functions are enabled by default. The manual channel and power configurations take effect only when these two functions are disabled. The settings of the AP channel and power in this example are for reference only. You need to configure the AP channel and power based on the actual country code and network planning.
# Disable automatic channel and power calibration functions of radio 0, and configure the channel and power for radio 0.[AC-wlan-view] ap-id 0 [AC-wlan-ap-0] radio 0 [AC-wlan-radio-0/0] calibrate auto-channel-select disable [AC-wlan-radio-0/0] calibrate auto-txpower-select disable [AC-wlan-radio-0/0] channel 20mhz 6 Warning: This action may cause service interruption. Continue?[Y/N]y [AC-wlan-radio-0/0] eirp 127 [AC-wlan-radio-0/0] quit# Disable automatic channel and power calibration functions of radio 1, and configure the channel and power for radio 1.[AC-wlan-ap-0] radio 1 [AC-wlan-radio-0/1] calibrate auto-channel-select disable [AC-wlan-radio-0/1] calibrate auto-txpower-select disable [AC-wlan-radio-0/1] channel 20mhz 149 Warning: This action may cause service interruption. Continue?[Y/N]y [AC-wlan-radio-0/1] eirp 127 [AC-wlan-radio-0/1] quit [AC-wlan-ap-0] quit - Verify the configuration.
The AC automatically delivers WLAN service configurations to the AP. After the service configuration is complete, run the display vap ssid wlan-net command. If Status in the command output is displayed as ON, the VAPs have been successfully created on AP radios.
[AC-wlan-view] display vap ssid wlan-net WID : WLAN ID -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- AP ID AP name RfID WID BSSID Status Auth type STA SSID -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 area_1 0 1 60DE-4476-E360 ON WPA/WPA2-PSK 0 wlan-net 0 area_1 1 1 60DE-4476-E370 ON WPA/WPA2-PSK 0 wlan-net ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total: 2
Connect STAs to the WLAN with SSID wlan-net and enter the password a1234567. Run the display station ssid wlan-net command on the AC. The command output shows that the STAs are connected to the WLAN wlan-net.
[AC-wlan-view] display station ssid wlan-net Rf/WLAN: Radio ID/WLAN ID Rx/Tx: link receive rate/link transmit rate(Mbps) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- STA MAC AP ID Ap name Rf/WLAN Band Type Rx/Tx RSSI VLAN IP address --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- e019-1dc7-1e08 0 area_1 1/1 5G 11n 46/59 -68 101 10.23.101.254 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total: 1 2.4G: 0 5G: 1
# After the configurations are complete, the AC can ping the APs successfully and the data transmitted between them is encrypted. You can run the display ipsec statistics esp command to view packet statistics.
Run the display ike sa command on Router_2, and the following information is displayed:<Router_2> display ike sa Conn-ID Peer VPN Flag(s) Phase --------------------------------------------------------- 16 192.168.1.1 0 RD|ST v1:2 14 192.168.1.1 0 RD|ST v1:1 Number of SA entries : 2 Number of SA entries of all cpu : 2 Flag Description: RD--READY ST--STAYALIVE RL--REPLACED FD--FADING TO--TIMEOUT HRT--HEARTBEAT LKG--LAST KNOWN GOOD SEQ NO. BCK--BACKED UP M--ACTIVE S--STANDBY A--ALONE NEG--NEGOTIATING
Configuration Files
AC configuration file
# sysname AC # vlan batch 101 200 # interface Vlanif200 ip address 10.23.200.1 255.255.255.0 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 200 # ip route-static 10.23.100.0 255.255.255.0 10.23.200.2 # capwap source interface vlanif200 # wlan security-profile name wlan-net security wpa-wpa2 psk pass-phrase %^%#m"tz0f>~7.[`^6RWdzwCy16hJj/Mc!,}s`X*B]}A%^%# aes ssid-profile name wlan-net ssid wlan-net vap-profile name wlan-net service-vlan vlan-id 101 ssid-profile wlan-net security-profile wlan-net regulatory-domain-profile name default ap-group name ap-group1 radio 0 vap-profile wlan-net wlan 1 radio 1 vap-profile wlan-net wlan 1 ap-id 0 type-id 35 ap-mac 60de-4476-e360 ap-sn 210235554710CB000042 ap-name area_1 ap-group ap-group1 radio 0 channel 20mhz 6 eirp 127 calibrate auto-channel-select disable calibrate auto-txpower-select disable radio 1 channel 20mhz 149 eirp 127 calibrate auto-channel-select disable calibrate auto-txpower-select disable # return
Router_1 configuration file
# sysname Router_1 # vlan batch 100 to 101 # dhcp enable # acl number 3101 rule 5 permit ip source 10.23.100.0 0.0.0.255 destination 10.23.200.0 0.0.0.255 # ipsec proposal tran1 esp authentication-algorithm sha2-256 esp encryption-algorithm aes-128 # ike proposal 5 encryption-algorithm aes-128 dh group14 authentication-algorithm sha2-256 authentication-method pre-share integrity-algorithm hmac-sha2-256 prf hmac-sha2-256 # ike peer spua undo version 2 pre-shared-key cipher %@%@HCf#WZWU9A;yLoD#V$8G*i_/%@%@ ike-proposal 5 remote-address 192.168.2.1 # ipsec policy use1 10 isakmp security acl 3101 ike-peer spua proposal tran1 # ip pool ap gateway-list 10.23.100.1 network 10.23.100.0 mask 255.255.255.0 option 43 sub-option 3 ascii 10.23.200.1 # interface Vlanif100 ip address 10.23.100.1 255.255.255.0 dhcp select global # interface Vlanif101 ip address 10.23.101.1 255.255.255.0 dhcp select interface # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 ipsec policy use1 # interface GigabitEthernet1/0/0 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 100 to 101 # ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.2 # return
Router_2 configuration file.
# sysname Router_2 # vlan batch 200 # acl number 3101 rule 5 permit ip source 10.23.200.0 0.0.0.255 destination 10.23.100.0 0.0.0.255 # ipsec proposal tran1 esp authentication-algorithm sha2-256 esp encryption-algorithm aes-128 # ike proposal 5 encryption-algorithm aes-128 dh group14 authentication-algorithm sha2-256 authentication-method pre-share integrity-algorithm hmac-sha2-256 prf hmac-sha2-256 # ike peer spub v1 undo version 2 pre-shared-key cipher %@%@HCf#WZWU9A;yLoD#V$8G*i_/%@%@ ike-proposal 5 remote-address 192.168.1.1 # ipsec policy map1 10 isakmp security acl 3101 ike-peer spub proposal tran1 # interface Vlanif200 ip address 10.23.200.2 255.255.255.0 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 ipsec policy map1 # interface GigabitEthernet1/0/0 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 200 # ip route-static 10.23.100.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2 ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2 # return
Switch configuration file
# sysname Switch # vlan batch 100 to 101 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 port link-type trunk port trunk pvid vlan 100 port trunk allow-pass vlan 100 to 101 port-isolate enable group 1 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 100 to 101 # return