RRM Profile

Overview

WLAN technology uses radio signals (such as 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz radio waves) as transmission medium. Radio waves will attenuate when they are transmitted over air, degrading service quality for wireless users. Radio resource management enables a WLAN to adapt to changes in the radio environment by dynamically adjusting radio resources. This improves service quality for wireless users.

Radio resource management (RRM) enables APs to check the surrounding radio environment, dynamically adjust channels and transmit power, and evenly distribute access users. This function helps reduce radio signal interference, adjust radio coverage, and enable a wireless network to quickly adapt to changes in the radio environment. With the RRM profile, the wireless network can provide high service quality for wireless users and maintain an optimal radio resource utilization.

The RRM profile takes effect only after it is referenced by the radio profile.

CLI-based Procedure

For details, see Radio Resource Management Configuration Guide (SmartRadio) in the Configuration.

Web-based Procedure

1. Log in to the web platform, and choose Configuration > AP Config > AP Group or Configuration > AP Config > AP Config. Click the AP group name or AP ID to access the AP group or AP configuration page.

2. Choose Radio Management > Radio 0 > 2G Radio Profile > RRM Profile. Select an existing profile or create one.

3. Access the profile page and click Advanced Configuration. The following table describes the parameters on this page.

   Figure 3-9 RRM Profile
   

   Item	Description
   Airtime fair scheduling	Airtime fair scheduling calculates the channel occupation time of users transmitting the same service and preferentially schedules resources for the users who occupy the wireless channel for a shorter period. This ensures fairness in channel utilization.
   Dynamic EDCA	The dynamic EDCA parameter adjustment function allows APs to adjust EDCA parameters flexibly to reduce the possibility of collision, improve the throughput, and enhance user experience. Dynamic EDCA and multimedia air interface optimization are mutually exclusive.
   Best Effort Service threshold(pps)	When dynamic EDCA is enabled, the system dynamically adjusts EDCA parameters for the Best-Effort service based on the number of BE users, improving user experience. If the number of Best-Effort service packets from a user in a radio's internal statistics queue exceeds the specified threshold (specified using the dynamic-edca threshold command) within 1 second, the user is considered a BE user. The value range is 1 to 1000. The default value is 6.
   Multimedia air interface optimization	When the multimedia air interface optimization function is enabled, the system dynamically adjusts the ACK policy and EDCA parameters through the algorithm based on the number of STAs to improve voice and video user experience. This function depends on Skype4B or SAC. (The SAC function requires that the security engine be enabled with the security engine switch, which affects device performance).
   Voice message threshold (pps)	When the multimedia air interface optimization function is enabled, the system dynamically adjusts the ACK policy and EDCA parameters through the algorithm based on the number of STAs to improve voice and video user experience. The value range is 10 to 1000. The default value is 30. NOTE: The larger one of the following values is used as the number of users: Number of users identified by SAC application identification. Number of voice users identified by the voice packet threshold. The method for determining a voice user is as follows: Within a unit period (1 second), if the number of voice packets in the internal statistics queue exceeds the configured threshold, the user is regarded as a voice user.
   Video message threshold (pps)	When the multimedia air interface optimization function is enabled, the system dynamically adjusts the ACK policy and EDCA parameters through the algorithm based on the number of STAs to improve voice and video user experience. The value range is 10 to 1000. The default value is 100. NOTE: The larger one of the following values is used as the number of users: Number of users identified by SAC application identification. Number of video users identified by the video packet threshold. The method for determining a video user is as follows: Within a unit period (1 second), if the number of video packets in the internal statistics queue exceeds the configured threshold, the user is regarded as a video user.
   DFS channel switchback delay (min)	After the legal protection time for radar signals, the channel is switched back to the manually planned channel after this delay. The value range is 0 to 2880. The default value is 0.
   High-density AMC optimization	In typical high-density scenarios, a large number of hidden nodes exist, which interfere in communication between APs and STAs and affect product performance. The AMC optimization function can reduce such interference and improve the AMC algorithm performance. NOTE: It is recommended that this function be enabled in high-density scenarios where directional antennas are used. This function is not applicable to scenarios where STAs move fast between APs. This function takes effect only on APs in compliance with 802.11ac Wave 2 or 802.11ax. This function does not take effect in MU-MIMO mode.

   Figure 3-10 RRM Profile (Forcibly Disconnecting STAs)
   

   Item	Description
   Forcibly disconnecting STAs	Whether to forcibly disconnect STAs.
   Based on the RSSI	The function of quickly disconnecting STAs is triggered by checking the SNR of STAs.
   SNR threshold (dB)	SNR-based threshold for quickly disconnecting STAs. The AP acquires a STA's SNR from data packets sent from the STA. If the STA's SNR is lower than the specified threshold, the AP forcibly disconnects the STA so that the STA can reinitiate a connection with the AP or roam to another AP with strong signals. The value range is 5 to 25. The default value is 15.
   Based on the rate	The function of quickly disconnecting STAs is triggered by checking the rate of STAs. By default, the function is disabled. The rate here refers to the negotiated rate based on the protocol and signal strength when a STA associates with an AP, instead of the actual rate of the STA.
   Rate percentage threshold (%)	Rate-based threshold for quickly disconnecting STAs. The AP acquires a STA's rate from data packets sent from the STA. If the STA's rate is lower than the specified threshold, the AP forcibly disconnects the STA so that the STA can reinitiate a connection with the AP or roam to another AP with strong signals. The value range is 1 to 100. The default value is 20.
   Protection time for quickly disconnecting STAs(s)	After a STA is forcibly disconnected, the STA will not be forcibly disconnected again during the protection period. You can specify this parameter to prevent STA from being forcibly disconnected. The value range is 1 to 600, in seconds. The default value is 60.

   Figure 3-11 RRM Profile (Radio Calibration)
   

   Item	Description
   Upper 2.4G calibration power threshold (dBm)	Maximum transmit power that can be adjusted through 2.4G radio calibration. The value range is 1 to 127. The default value is 127.
   Lower 2.4G calibration power threshold (dBm)	Minimum transmit power that can be adjusted through 2.4G radio calibration. The value range is 1 to 127. The default value is 9.
   Upper 5G calibration power threshold (dBm)	Maximum transmit power that can be adjusted through 5G radio calibration. The value range is 1 to 127. The default value is 127.
   Lower 5G calibration power threshold (dBm)	Minimum transmit power that can be adjusted through 5G radio calibration. The value range is 1 to 127. The default value is 12.
   Calibration TPC threshold (dBm)	Transmit Power Control (TPC) coverage threshold. The value range is -85 to -35. The default value is -60. The default value is recommended, adjusting the coverage based on the calibration power. A large threshold indicates a wider transmit power range that can be adjusted through TPC.

   Figure 3-12 RRM Profile (Air Interface Deterioration Indicator)
   

   Item	Description
   Collision rate threshold (%)	This parameter determines whether the radio environment is normal. When the collision of a radio reaches the threshold, the system considers that the radio environment deteriorates. When this occurs, the system may start radio calibration or take measures to avoid signal interference. The value range is 20 to 100. The default value is 60.
   Noise floor threshold (dBm)	This parameter determines whether the environment noise is normal. When detecting a noise floor value higher than the threshold, an AP reports a high noise floor message to the AC. The AC then performs radio calibration to avoid channels with high noise floor values to improve user experience. The value range is -95 to 0. The default value is -75.

   Figure 3-13 RRM Profile (User CAC)
   
   
   
   
   
   

   Item	Description
   UAC policy	Whether CAC based on the number of users is configured. By default, the function is disabled.
   New user count threshold	User CAC access threshold based on the number of users. The value range is 1 to 512. The default value is 64.
   Roaming user count threshold	User CAC roaming threshold based on the number of users. This threshold is the total number of users associated with the AP, including all local and reassociated roaming users. The value range is 1 to 512. The default value is 64.
   New user channel usage threshold (%)	User CAC access threshold based on channel utilization. The value range is 1 to 100. The default value is 80.
   Roaming user channel usage threshold (%)	User CAC roaming threshold based on channel utilization, that is, the channel utilization threshold for reassociated roaming STAs. The value range is 1 to 100. The default value is 80.
   Action upon reaching the access threshold	When the number of access users reaches the threshold, the device will: Reject new STA access Reject new STA access and hide the SSID Allow access preemption by high-priority STAs (only supported when CAC based on the number of users is enabled)
   Restrict access of weak-signal STAs	Whether to enable user CAC based on the STA's SNR. By default, the function is disabled.
   SNR threshold (dB)	User CAC threshold based on the STA's SNR. The value range is 5 to 25. The default value is 15.

   Figure 3-14 RRM Profile (Band Steering)
   

   Item	Description
   Minimum STAs for load balancing between frequencies	Start threshold for load balancing between radios. Maximum number of access STAs that can preferentially connect to the 5G radio. The value range is 0 to 100. The default value is 100.
   Minimum load difference for load balancing (%)	Load difference threshold for load balancing between radios. If the number of access users on an AP exceeds the start threshold for load balancing between radios, the AP determines the frequency band to which the STA connects based on radio load difference computed according to the formula: (Number of access users on the 5G radio – Number of access users on the 2.4G radio)/Number of access users on the 5G radio x 100%. If the difference exceeds the threshold, the STA preferentially connects to the 2.4G radio. Otherwise, the STA preferentially connects to the 5G radio. The value range is 1 to 100. The default value is 90.
   Minimum SNR for inter-frequency load balancing (dB)	Start SNR threshold for triggering band steering. If the SNR of 5G Probe frames sent from STAs to the AP exceeds this threshold, the STAs preferentially connect to the 5G radio. The value range is 10 to 35. The default value is 20.
   Maximum number of rejections	Maximum number of times an AP rejects association requests of a STA for band steering. If an AP wants STAs to access through 5G, the AP rejects 2.4G association requests from STAs. When the number of rejections exceeds the maximum value, STAs can associate with the 2.4G radio of the AP. The value range is 0 to 10. The default value is 0.
   Probe count for aging STA frequency band	Number of times an AP continuously receives probe frames from the same frequency band. The value range is 10 to 65535. The default value is 35.

   Figure 3-15 RRM Profile (Dynamic Load Balancing)
   
   
   
   

   Item	Description
   Load balancing	Whether to enable load balancing.
   Mode	Dynamic load balancing mode, which can be based on the number of STAs or the channel utilization.
   Minimum number of STAs for load balancing	When a user requests to connect to an AP, the AP will count the total number of access users on all radios. If the number of access users on the requested radio does not exceed the start threshold, the AP does not implement dynamic load balancing based on the number of users. The AP implements dynamic load balancing based on the number of users only after the number of access users exceeds the start threshold. The value range is 1 to 40. The default value is 10.
   Minimum load difference for load balancing	The AC calculates the load percentage of each radio in a load balancing group using the formula: Load percentage of a radio = (Number of associated users on the radio/Maximum number of users allowed on the radio) x 100%. The AC compares load percentages of all radios in the load balancing group and obtains the smallest load percentage value. When a user requests to associate with an AP radio, the AC calculates the difference between the radio's load percentage and the smallest load percentage value and compares the load difference with the threshold. If the difference is smaller than the threshold, the AC allows the STA to associate with the radio. If not, the AC rejects the association request of the user. User percentage-based: The value range is 1 to 100. User count-based: The value range is 1 to 20. The default value is 3.
   RSSI threshold (dBm)	Set an RSSI threshold for member devices in a dynamic load balancing group, so that STAs can be load balanced between APs with better signals. This prevents STAs from associating with APs with weak signals but light loads. The value range is -75 to -55. The default value is -65.
   Maximum number of rejections	If a STA requests to associate with an AP enabled with load balancing but the AP forbids the association according to the dynamic load balancing algorithm, the AP will reject the STA's request. However, after the number of rejections exceeds the maximum value, the AP allows the STA to associate. The value range is 1 to 10. The default value is 3.
   Start threshold for load balancing (%)	The AP calculates the channel utilization of the radio with which a STA associates when the STA requests to connect to the AP. If the channel utilization does not exceed the start threshold, the STA access is permitted. If the channel utilization exceeds the start threshold, the AP calculates the load difference for dynamic load balancing based on the channel utilization. The value range is 1 to 99. The default value is 50.
   Minimum load difference for load balancing (%)	The AC calculates the channel utilization of each member in a dynamic load balancing group. The AC then compares the channel utilization values of all members in the dynamic load balancing group and obtains the smallest channel utilization value. When a STA requests to associate with an AP radio, the AC calculates the difference between the radio's channel utilization and the smallest channel utilization value, and compares this difference with the specified threshold. If the difference is smaller than the threshold, the AC allows the STA to associate with the radio. If not, the AC performs dynamic load balancing calculation and allows the STA to associate with the radio with a lower load. The value range is 1 to 99. The default value is 20.
   RSSI gap threshold (dBm)	RSSI difference threshold of members in a dynamic load balancing group. If the RSSI of the AP with which a STA currently associates minus the RSSI of the target AP is larger than the specified RSSI difference threshold, the STA is denied from being migrated to the target AP. The value range is 0 to 15. The default value is 5.
   Maximum number of STA steering attempts in BTM mode	Maximum number of attempts to migrate STAs in BTM mode. The device preferentially uses the BTM mode to trigger STA migration to the target AP. Due to differences of STAs, some STAs can be successfully migrated in BTM mode after multiple attempts. If the number of attempts exceeds the specified value, the device attempts to migrate STAs in deauthentication mode. The value range is 0 to 10. The default value is 5.
   Maximum number of STA steering attempts in Deauth mode	Maximum number of attempts to migrate STAs in deauthentication mode. The device attempts to use the 802.11v and deauthentication modes to trigger STA migration to the target AP. Due to differences of STAs, some STAs can be successfully migrated in deauthentication mode after multiple attempts. If the number of attempts exceeds the specified value, STAs cannot be migrated. The value range is 0 to 5. The default value is 2.
   Probe report interval(s)	Interval for reporting Probe frames. After an AP receives information about neighboring APs of STAs, it reports the information to the AC for determining the target APs to which the STAs will roam. You are advised to retain the default value. If the device has high performance pressure, you can set a longer interval. The value range is 30 to 300. The default value is 120.
   STA suppression time (s)	Duration with which non-target APs suppress association of STAs during migration of the STAs. When a STA is triggered to migrate to a specified target AP, non-target APs will suppress association of the STA temporarily to improve the STA's migration success rate. The value range is 0 to 10. The default value is 5.
   Number of STA probe frame suppression times	Maximum number of times non-target APs suppress probing of STAs during migration of the STAs. When a STA is triggered to migrate to a specified target AP, non-target APs will suppress association of the STA temporarily to improve the STA's migration success rate. The value range is 0 to 10. The default value is 5.
   Number of STA authentication frame suppression times	Maximum number of times non-target APs suppress authentication of STAs during migration of the STAs. When a STA is triggered to migrate to a specified target AP, non-target APs will suppress association of the STA temporarily to improve the STA's migration success rate. The value range is 0 to 5. The default value is 0.

   Figure 3-16 RRM Profile (Smart Roaming)
   

   Item	Description
   Smart roaming	After smart roaming is configured, the system actively steers the terminals to neighboring APs with better signals.
   Check roaming threshold type	Trigger mode of smart roaming, which can be Based on the SNR or Based on the rate percentage. By default, only Based on the SNR is selected.
   SNR threshold (dB)	SNR threshold for smart roaming. If the SNR threshold is 25 dB and noise floor is -95 dBm, a STA's SNR is lower than the threshold when the STA's RSSI is lower than -70 dBm (25 dB + (-95 dBm) = -70 dBm). The value range is 15 to 35. The default value is 20.
   Rate percentage threshold (%)	Rate threshold for smart roaming. If the maximum capability of the AP and STA is 54 Mbit/s and the rate threshold is 50%, the lower rate threshold is considered 27 Mbit/s (54 Mbit/s x 50% = 27 Mbit/s). The value range is 1 to 100. The default value is 20.
   Upper threshold of roaming SNR difference (dB)	Upper SNR difference threshold that triggers STA roaming. A STA actively roams in good radio environments where the signal strength of the current AP is greater than or equal to 35 dB, and the SNR difference between the current AP and neighbor AP exceeds the Upper threshold of roaming SNR difference. The value range is 10 to 20. The default value is 15.
   Lower threshold of roaming SNR difference (dB)	Lower SNR difference threshold that triggers STA roaming. In poor radio environments, the STA roams when the SNR of the current AP is smaller than 35 dB and the SNR difference between the current and neighbor APs is larger than Lower threshold of roaming SNR difference. The value range is 3 to 15. The default value is 6.
   Aging time of "unable to roam" record (min)	Aging time of "unable to roam" record. When the AC requests a STA to roam but the STA keeps sending association requests to the original AP or does not initiate an association request, the AC records the STA as unable to roam and does not trigger STA roaming within the specified time. After the aging time is reached, the "unable to roam" record of the STA is automatically cleared, and the system triggers STA roaming. The value range is 30 to 2880. The default value is 120.
   Collaborative scanning for neighbor information	Enable or disable the coordinated scanning function of smart roaming. During the roaming steering for sticky STAs, real-time information about neighboring APs is required to determine the target AP. If STAs do not support 802.11k radio resource measurement, you can enable this function. In this way, APs can collect real-time information about neighboring APs through synchronized radio resource measurement, and generate a neighbor AP table of the STAs. After this function is enabled, radios switch channels to scan STA information while ensuring voice and video services. If voice and video services are affected, you can disable this function.

   Figure 3-17 RRM Profile (SFN)
   

   Item	Description
   Upper STA RSSI threshold (dBm)	RSSI thresholds for controlling the switching sensitivity in the switching algorithm. The switching sensitivity reaches the minimum when the STA RSSI exceeds the upper threshold, and reaches the maximum when the STA RSSI falls below the lower threshold. The value range is -60 to -45. The default value is -55.
   Lower STA RSSI threshold (dBm)	RSSI thresholds for controlling the switching sensitivity in the switching algorithm. The switching sensitivity reaches the minimum when the STA RSSI exceeds the upper threshold, and reaches the maximum when the STA RSSI falls below the lower threshold. The value range is -70 to -55. The default value is -60.
   Cumulative RSSI change threshold (dB)	Used to adjust roaming sensitivity. A roaming handover occurs when the cumulative STA RSSI change value reaches the specified threshold. A large value causes the slow roaming handover, affecting user experience. A small value causes frequent roaming handovers, affecting system performance. The value range is 1 to 32. The default value is 8.
   Number of STA holding times	To prevent frequent roaming handovers, specify a proper number of STA holding times. A large value causes the slow roaming handover, affecting user experience. A small value causes frequent roaming handovers, affecting system performance. The value range is 1 to 32. The default value is 3.
   RSSI gap (dB)	Used to adjust roaming sensitivity. A roaming handover occurs when the RSSI gap between the local RU and a surrounding RU reaches the specified gap threshold. A large value causes the slow roaming handover, affecting user experience. A small value causes frequent roaming handovers, affecting system performance. The value range is 1 to 32. The default value is 6.
   Number of higher RSSI times	Used to adjust roaming sensitivity. A roaming handover occurs when the number of times a surrounding RU has a higher RSSI than the local RU within the roaming decision period reaches the specified value. A large value causes the slow roaming handover, affecting user experience. A small value causes frequent roaming handovers, affecting system performance. The value range is 1 to 32. The default value is 2.
   Roaming decision period (ms)	Roaming decision period. A shorter period indicates higher roaming sensitivity but may affect system performance. The default value is recommended. Ensure that the interval at which RUs report STA RSSIs is smaller than the decision period for agile distributed SFN roaming. The value range is 300 to 1500. The default value is 700.
   RSSI report interval (ms)	Interval for RUs to report RSSI information. A shorter interval indicates higher roaming sensitivity but may affect system performance. This interval must be smaller than the decision period for agile distributed SFN roaming. The value range is 200 to 1000. The default value is 400.