Overview of LTE Cellular Interfaces

NetEngine AR V300R019 CLI-based Configuration Guide - Interface Management

About This Document
Basic Configuration for Interfaces
- Overview of Interfaces
  - Interface Types
  - Interface Numbering Rules
- Licensing Requirements and Limitations for Basic Interfaces
- Configuring Basic Interface Parameters
- Clearing Interface Traffic Statistics
- FAQ About Basic Interfaces
  - How Do I View and Clear Traffic Statistics on an Interface?
  - How Do I Identify the Virtual Port of the Device?
Ethernet Interface Configuration
- Overview of Ethernet Interfaces
- Licensing Requirements and Limitations for Ethernet Interfaces
- Default Settings for Ethernet Interfaces
- Configuring a Port Group
- Configuring General Attributes of Ethernet Interfaces
- Configuring Layer 2 Ethernet Interfaces
- Configuring Layer 3 Ethernet Interfaces
- Maintaining Ethernet Interfaces
  - Configuring Loopback Detection
  - Clearing Interface Statistics
- Configuration Examples for Ethernet Interfaces
  - Example for Configuring the Auto-Negotiation Rate Range
  - Example for Configuring Interface Isolation
- Troubleshooting Ethernet Interfaces
  - Local and Remote Interfaces Have Different Duplex Modes, Rates, and Negotiation modes
- FAQ About Ethernet Interfaces
Serial Interface Configuration
- Overview of Serial Interfaces
- Licensing Requirements and Limitations for Serial Interfaces
- Application Scenarios for Serial Interfaces
  - Networking Diagram of Synchronous Serial Interfaces
- Default Settings for Serial Interfaces
- Configuring a Synchronous Serial Interface
- Configuring an Asynchronous Serial Interface
- Configuration Examples for Serial Interfaces
  - Example for Configuring Network Interworking by Using Synchronous Serial Interfaces
- FAQ About Serial Interfaces
  - When an SA Card Connects to an E1 Card, the Protocol Status Cannot Become Up. How Do I Solve the Problem?
Async Interface Configuration
- Overview of Async Interfaces
- Licensing Requirements and Limitations for Async Interfaces
- Default Settings for Async Interfaces
- Configuring an Async Interface
CE1/PRI Interface Configuration
- Overview of CE1/PRI Interfaces
- Licensing Requirements and Limitations for CE1/PRI Interfaces
- Application Scenarios for CE1/PRI Interfaces
- Default Settings for CE1/PRI Interfaces
- Configuring CE1/PRI Interface
- Maintaining a CE1/PRI Interface
  - Configuring Loopback Detection
  - Clearing Traffic Statistics on a CE1/PRI Interface
- Troubleshooting CE1/PRI Interfaces
  - CE1/PRI Interface Fails to Communicate with a Serial Interface (V.35DTE/DCE)
  - CE1/PRI Interface Fails to Communicate with an E1-F Interface
CT1/PRI Interface Configuration
- Overview of CT1/PRI Interfaces
- Licensing Requirements and Limitations for CT1/PRI Interfaces
- Application Scenarios for CT1/PRI Interfaces
- Default Settings for CT1/PRI Interfaces
- Configuring a CT1/PRI Interface
  - Configuring a CT1/PRI Interface (CT1 Mode)
  - Configuring a CT1/PRI Interface (PRI Mode)
- Maintaining a CT1/PRI Interface
  - Configuring Loopback Detection
  - Clearing Traffic Statistics on a CT1/PRI Interface
CE3 Interface Configuration
- Overview of CE3 Interfaces
- Licensing Requirements and Limitations for CE3 Interfaces
- Application Scenarios for CE3 Interfaces
- Default Settings for CE3 Interfaces
- Configuring a CE3 Interface to Work in E3 Mode
- Maintaining a CE3 Interface
  - Configuring Loopback Detection
  - Clearing Statistics on a CE3 Interface
E1-F Interface Configuration
- Overview of E1-F Interfaces
- Licensing Requirements and Limitations for E1-F Interfaces
- Application Scenarios for E1-F Interfaces
- Default Settings for E1-F Interfaces
- Configuring an E1-F Interface
  - Configuring an E1-F Interface (Unframed Mode)
  - Configuring an E1-F Interface (Framed Mode)
- Maintaining an E1-F Interface
  - Configuring Loopback Detection
  - Clearing Traffic Statistics on an E1-F Interface
- FAQ About Basic Interfaces
T1-F Interface Configuration
- Overview of T1-F Interfaces
- Licensing Requirements and Limitations for T1-F Interfaces
- Application Scenarios for T1-F Interfaces
- Default Settings for T1-F Interfaces
- Configuring a T1-F Interface
- Maintaining a T1-F Interface
  - Configuring Loopback Detection
  - Clearing Traffic Statistics on a T1-F Interface
E&M Interface Configuration
- Overview of E&M Interfaces
- Understanding E&M Interfaces
- Licensing Requirements and Limitations for E&M Interfaces
- Application Scenarios for E&M Interfaces
- Default Settings for E&M Interfaces
- Configuring Line Attributes for an E&M Interface
- Configuration Examples for E&M Interfaces
  - Example for Configuring E&M Interfaces in the Air Traffic Control Scenario
3G Cellular Interface Configuration
- Overview of 3G Cellular Interfaces
- Licensing Requirements and Limitations for 3G Cellular Interfaces
- Application Scenarios for 3G Cellular Interfaces
- Configuring a 3G Cellular Interface in Compliance with the WCDMA Standard
- Maintaining 3G Cellular Interfaces
- Configuration Examples for 3G Cellular Interfaces
- Troubleshooting 3G Cellular Interfaces
  - Users on a 3G Cellular Interface Fail to Be Authenticated Because the Authentication Configuration Is Incorrect
  - Dial-up Fails After a 3G Cellular Interface Is Configured with a Fixed IP Address in 3G+IPSec Scenario
- FAQ About 3G Cellular Interfaces
LTE Cellular Interface Configuration
- Overview of LTE Cellular Interfaces
- Understanding LTE Cellular Interfaces
- Licensing Requirements and Limitations for LTE Cellular Interfaces
- Application Scenarios for LTE Cellular Interfaces
- Summary of LTE Cellular Interface Configuration Tasks
- Default Settings for LTE Cellular Interfaces
- Setting Connection Parameters of LTE Cellular Interfaces
- Configuring C-DCC for Dial-up Connection
- Configuring PIN Management
- (Optional) Configuring the Function of Receiving and Sending SMS Messages
- (Optional) Configuring the SMS Alarm Function
- Maintaining LTE Cellular Interfaces
- Configuration Examples for LTE Cellular Interfaces
5G Cellular Interface Configuration
- Overview of 5G Cellular Interfaces
- Understanding 5G Cellular Interfaces
- Application Scenarios for 5G Cellular Interfaces
- Licensing Requirements and Limitations for 5G Cellular Interfaces
- Default Settings for 5G Cellular Interfaces
- Setting Connection Parameters for a 5G Cellular Interface
- Configuring Automatic 5G Link Recovery
  - Restarting the 5G Modem to Recover a 5G Link
  - Configuring 5G Link Recovery Based on NQA Test Results
- Configuring SIM Card Security Management
- Configuring the Function of Recording NR Signal Strength Logs
- Maintaining 5G Cellular Interfaces
  - Clearing Statistics on 5G Cellular Interfaces
  - Upgrade a 5G Modem
ISDN BRI Interface Configuration
- Overview of ISDN BRI Interfaces
- Licensing Requirements and Limitations for ISDN BRI Interfaces
- Application Scenarios for ISDN BRI Interfaces
  - Connecting a Router to an ISDN Network Through ISDN BRI Interfaces
- Default Settings for ISDN BRI Interfaces
- Configuring an ISDN BRI Interface
- Maintaining an ISDN BRI Interface
  - Configuring Loopback Detection
  - Clearing Traffic Statistics on an ISDN BRI Interface
POS Interface Configuration
- Overview of POS Interfaces
- Licensing Requirements and Limitations for POS Interfaces
- Default Settings for POS Interfaces
- Configuring a POS Interface
- Maintaining POS Interfaces
  - Configuring Loopback Detection
  - Clearing Interface Statistics
- Configuration Examples for POS Interfaces
  - Example for Setting Physical Parameters of a POS Interface
- Troubleshooting POS Interfaces
  - Different POS Interface Parameter Settings on Both Ends
CPOS Interface Configuration
- Overview of CPOS Interfaces
- Understanding CPOS Interfaces
- Licensing Requirements and Limitations for CPOS Interfaces
- Application Scenarios for CPOS Interfaces
  - Using CPOS Interfaces to Converge E1/T1 Lines
  - Using Optical Fibers or Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) to Connect CPOS Interfaces
- Default Settings for CPOS Interfaces
- Configuring CPOS Interfaces to Connect Devices
- Configuring CPOS Interfaces to Converge E1 Lines
- Configuring CPOS Interfaces to Converge T1 Lines
- Maintaining CPOS Interface Configuration
  - Performing Loopback on a CPOS Interface
  - Clearing CPOS Interface Statistics
- Configuration Examples for CPOS Interfaces
- Troubleshooting CPOS Interfaces
  - The Physical Status of an E1 Channel Is Up and the Link Protocol Status Is Down, and a Line Loopback Is Detected
  - Two Routers Are Connected Through CPOS Interfaces, but the Link Layer Status of the Logical Channel Keeps Alternating Between Up and Down
ADSL Interface Configuration
- Overview of ADSL Interfaces
- Licensing Requirements and Limitations for ADSL Interfaces
- Understanding ADSL Interfaces
- Default Settings for ADSL Interfaces
- Configuring an ADSL Interface
- Configuration Examples for ADSL Interfaces
  - Example for Configuring an ADSL Interface
VDSL Interface Configuration
- Overview of VDSL Interfaces
- Licensing Requirements and Limitations for VDSL Interfaces
- Understanding VDSL Interfaces
- Default Settings for VDSL Interfaces
- Configuring a VDSL Interface in ATM Mode
- Configuring a VDSL Interface in PTM Mode
- Configuration Examples for VDSL Interfaces
  - Example for Connecting a VDSL Interface Working in ATM Mode to the Internet
G.SHDSL Interface Configuration
- Overview of G.SHDSL Interfaces
- Licensing Requirements and Limitations for G.SHDSL Interfaces
- Default Settings for G.SHDSL Interface
- Setting Uplink Parameters for a G.SHDSL Interface
- Configuration Examples for G.SHDSL Interfaces
  - Example for Configuring G.SHDSL Interfaces
- FAQ About G.SHDSL Interfaces
  - How Do I Solve the G.SHDSL Card Failure Problem?
IMA Configuration
- Overview of IMA
- Licensing Requirements and Limitations for IMA
- Default Settings for IMA
- Configuring IMA
  - Configuring an E1-IMA Interface
  - Configuring an IMA Group
- Configuration Examples for IMA
  - Example for Configuring an IMA Group
PON Interface Configuration
- Overview of PON Interfaces
- Understanding PON Interfaces
  - Upstream and Downstream Transmission
  - EPON and GPON
- Licensing Requirements and Limitations for PON Interfaces
- Default Settings for PON Interfaces
- Configuring Attributes of an EPON Interface
- Configuring Attributes of a GPON Interface
- Maintaining PON Interfaces
  - Clearing Traffic Statistics on a PON Interface
Logical Interface Configuration
- Overview of Logical Interfaces
- Default Settings for Logical Interfaces
- Licensing Requirements and Limitations for Logical Interfaces
- Configuring a Logical Interface
- Configuration Examples for Logical Interfaces
  - Example for Configuring FR Sub-Interfaces
  - Example for Configuring the Loopback Interface's IP Address to Be Borrowed

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Overview of LTE Cellular Interfaces

Definition

Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a standard developed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) for the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS).

LTE is improvement over 3G technology, but not equal to 4G technology. LTE is a transition from 3G to 4G technology. Compared with 3G technology, LTE has the following technical advantages:

Higher data transmission rate: LTE provides a downstream peak rate of 300 Mbit/s and an upstream peak rate of 50 Mbit/s over a 20 MHz bandwidth.
Improved spectrum efficiency.
Increased network deployment flexibility: LTE supports bandwidth in the range from 1.25 MHz to 20 MHz.
QoS guarantee: The LTE system design and strict QoS mechanism ensure better QoS for real-time services such as voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP).
Shorter delay on wireless networks.
Higher cell edge bit rate: The high bit rate delivers higher performance for users located on the cell edge.
Backward compatibility: LTE offers compatibility between the existing 3G system and non-3GPP systems.

An LTE cellular interface is a physical interface supporting Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology. Compared with 3G technology, LTE technology provides enterprises with the high-bandwidth wireless WAN access service.

Type

LTE hardware includes the LTE interface card and LTE model. The device equipped with the LTE interface card provides LTE cellular interfaces, and LTE models have LTE cellular interfaces. The LTE interface card and LTE model have built-in LTE modem. An LTE cellular interface manages an LTE modem. The LTE cellular interface uses an LTE modem for wireless data transmission at the physical layer, PPP or Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN) at the data link layer, and IP at the network layer.

The device supports the following LTE cellular interface types:

An LTE cellular interface can be provided by an LTE interface card.
The devices named with L can support the LTE function.

In addition, the LTE cellular interface provided by a 1LTE-L interface card can be configured with two LTE channel interfaces numbered 1 and 2.

LTE includes the time division long term evolution (TD-LTE) and frequency-division duplex long term evolution (FDD-LTE). Among LTE networks, LTE cellular interfaces can only connect to FDD-LTE and TD-LTE networks. Among 3G networks, LTE cellular interfaces can only connect to GSM, WCDMA and TD-SCDMA networks, not CDMA2000 networks.

Purpose

LTE technology deployed on routers provides wireless access and interconnection for enterprise branches or small- and medium-sized enterprises. Compared with 3G technology, LTE technology provides higher bandwidth on wireless WAN links to transmit more voice, data, and video services for enterprise users.

Enterprises can use LTE technology to replace or back up wired WAN links such as Ethernet, digital subscriber line (DSL), frame relay (FR), and integrated services digital network (ISDN) links. LTE allows flexible, efficient, and fast network deployment, and provides a backup for wired WAN links on an enterprise network.

Benefits

LTE technology brings users the following benefits:

Wired WAN link backup: LTE technology backs up wired links such as Ethernet and DSL, ensuring uninterrupted services if the wired links fail.
Flexible, efficient, and fast network deployment: LTE technology provides service coverage even in remote areas and mobile office scenarios.
Secure virtual private network (VPN) access: An enterprise branch can set up a tunnel with the enterprise headquarters on LTE links using VPN technologies, such as Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE), Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP), or Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) VPN. This tunnel allows the enterprise branch to communicate with the headquarters in a fast, secure, and efficient way.
Data and multimedia services: LTE allows a router to connect to different gateways using different access point names (APNs). For example, the router can use one APN to access the Internet, and another APN to access the IP multimedia subsystem (IMS). QoS settings on the router can be configured to control the quality of data and multimedia services on the router.

Limitations

Due to limitations in wireless transmission, LTE may be limited in terms of throughput, delay, and customer requirements:

Throughput: varies depending on the number of active users and network congestion. This is a common limitation of wireless networks.
Delay: varies depending on the quality of network services provided by carriers and may increase due to network congestion. Compared with wired networks, wireless networks may cause longer delays.
Carriers may pose other limitations on LTE.

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Updated: 2023-05-18

Document ID: EDOC1100112349

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