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配置IPv6 GRE使用静态路由示例
以典型组网为背景，介绍如何配置IPv6 GRE使用静态路由，使得用户端之间的流量通过IPv6 GRE隧道传输。设备到与其相连的客户端之间需要配置静态路由。
组网需求
如图4-1，DeviceA、DeviceB、DeviceC属于VPN骨干网，它们之间运行OSPFv3。
现需要在DeviceA和DeviceC之间建立直连链路，因此在DeviceA和DeviceC之间部署IPv6 GRE隧道，通过静态路由指定到达对端的报文通过Tunnel接口转发，实现PC1和PC2相互通信。
PC1和PC2上分别指定DeviceA、DeviceC为自己的缺省网关。
配置思路
配置IPv6 GRE使用静态路由的思路如下：
路由器运行动态路由协议实现互通。
在DeviceA和DeviceC上创建Tunnel接口，指定Tunnel的源地址和目的地址。注意Tunnel的源地址是发出报文的实际接口IP地址，目的地址是接收报文的实际接口IP地址。
为使隧道支持路由，需要配置Tunnel接口的网络地址。
为使PC1和PC2之间的流量通过IPv6 GRE隧道传输，DeviceA和DeviceC上需配置到各自相连的PC的静态路由，出接口为本端的Tunnel接口。
操作步骤
- 配置接口的IP地址。
# 配置DeviceA。
<HUAWEI> system-view[~HUAWEI] sysname DeviceA
[*HUAWEI] commit
[~DeviceA] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/0
[~DeviceA-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] undo shutdown
[~DeviceA-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] ipv6 enable
[*DeviceA-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] ipv6 address 2001:db8:1::1/64
[*DeviceA-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] quit
[*DeviceA] commit
[~DeviceA] interface GigabitEthernet 2/0/0
[~DeviceA-GigabitEthernet2/0/0] undo shutdown
[~DeviceA-GigabitEthernet2/0/0] ipv6 enable
[*DeviceA-GigabitEthernet2/0/0] ipv6 address 2001:db8:3::1/64
[*DeviceA-GigabitEthernet2/0/0] quit
[*DeviceA] commit
# 配置DeviceB。
<HUAWEI> system-view[~HUAWEI] sysname DeviceB
[*HUAWEI] commit
[~DeviceB] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/0
[~DeviceB-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] undo shutdown
[~DeviceB-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] ipv6 enable
[*DeviceB-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] ipv6 address 2001:db8:1::2/64
[*DeviceB-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] quit
[*DeviceB] commit
[~DeviceB] interface GigabitEthernet 2/0/0
[~DeviceB-GigabitEthernet2/0/0] undo shutdown
[~DeviceB-GigabitEthernet2/0/0] ipv6 enable
[*DeviceB-GigabitEthernet2/0/0] ipv6 address 2001:db8:2::2/64
[*DeviceB-GigabitEthernet2/0/0] quit
[*DeviceB] commit
# 配置DeviceC。
<HUAWEI> system-view[~HUAWEI] sysname DeviceC
[*HUAWEI] commit
[~DeviceC] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/0
[~DeviceC-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] undo shutdown
[~DeviceC-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] ipv6 enable
[*DeviceC-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] ipv6 address 2001:db8:2::1/64
[*DeviceC-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] quit
[*DeviceC] commit
[~DeviceC] interface GigabitEthernet 2/0/0
[~DeviceC-GigabitEthernet2/0/0] undo shutdown
[~DeviceC-GigabitEthernet2/0/0] ipv6 enable
[*DeviceC-GigabitEthernet2/0/0] ipv6 address 2001:db8:4::1/64
[*DeviceC-GigabitEthernet2/0/0] quit
[*DeviceC] commit
- 配置VPN骨干网的IGP
# 配置DeviceA。
[~DeviceA] ospfv3 1
[*DeviceA-ospfv3-1] router-id 1.1.1.1
[*DeviceA-ospfv3-1] area 0.0.0.0
[*DeviceA-ospfv3-1-area-0.0.0.0] quit
[*DeviceA-ospfv3-1] quit
[*DeviceA] commit
[~DeviceA] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/0
[*DeviceA-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] ospfv3 1 area 0.0.0.0
[*DeviceA-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] quit
[*DeviceA] commit
# 配置DeviceB。
[~DeviceB] ospfv3 1
[*DeviceB-ospfv3-1] router-id 2.2.2.2
[*DeviceB-ospfv3-1] area 0.0.0.0
[*DeviceB-ospfv3-1-area-0.0.0.0] quit
[*DeviceB-ospfv3-1] quit
[*DeviceB] commit
[~DeviceB] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/0
[*DeviceB-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] ospfv3 1 area 0.0.0.0
[~DeviceB-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] quit
[*DeviceB] commit
[~DeviceB] interface GigabitEthernet 2/0/0
[*DeviceB-GigabitEthernet2/0/0] ospfv3 1 area 0.0.0.0
[*DeviceB-GigabitEthernet2/0/0] quit
[*DeviceB] commit
# 配置DeviceC。
[~DeviceC] ospfv3 1
[*DeviceC-ospfv3-1] router-id 3.3.3.3
[*DeviceC-ospfv3-1] area 0.0.0.0
[*DeviceC-ospfv3-1-area-0.0.0.0] quit
[*DeviceC-ospfv3-1] quit
[*DeviceC] commit
[~DeviceC] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/0
[*DeviceC-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] ospfv3 1 area 0.0.0.0
[*DeviceC-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] quit
[*DeviceC] commit
配置完成后，在DeviceA和DeviceC上执行display ipv6 routing-table命令，可以看到它们能够学到去往对端接口网段地址的OSPFv3路由。
# 以DeviceA的显示为例。
[~DeviceA] display ipv6 routing-table
Routing Table : _public_ Destinations : 9 Routes : 9 Destination : ::1 PrefixLength : 128 NextHop : ::1 Preference : 0 Cost : 0 Protocol : Direct RelayNextHop : :: TunnelID : 0x0 Interface : InLoopBack0 Flags : D Destination : ::FFFF:127.0.0.0 PrefixLength : 104 NextHop : ::FFFF:127.0.0.1 Preference : 0 Cost : 0 Protocol : Direct RelayNextHop : :: TunnelID : 0x0 Interface : InLoopBack0 Flags : D Destination : ::FFFF:127.0.0.1 PrefixLength : 128 NextHop : ::1 Preference : 0 Cost : 0 Protocol : Direct RelayNextHop : :: TunnelID : 0x0 Interface : InLoopBack0 Flags : D Destination : 2001:DB8:1:: PrefixLength : 64 NextHop : 2001:DB8:1::1 Preference : 0 Cost : 0 Protocol : Direct RelayNextHop : :: TunnelID : 0x0 Interface : GigabitEthernet1/0/0 Flags : D Destination : 2001:DB8:1::1 PrefixLength : 128 NextHop : ::1 Preference : 0 Cost : 0 Protocol : Direct RelayNextHop : :: TunnelID : 0x0 Interface : GigabitEthernet1/0/0 Flags : D Destination : 2001:DB8:2:: PrefixLength : 64 NextHop : FE80::3A00:10FF:FE03:0 Preference : 10 Cost : 2 Protocol : OSPFv3 RelayNextHop : :: TunnelID : 0x0 Interface : GigabitEthernet1/0/0 Flags : D Destination : 2001:DB8:3:: PrefixLength : 64 NextHop : 2001:DB8:3::1 Preference : 0 Cost : 0 Protocol : Direct RelayNextHop : :: TunnelID : 0x0 Interface : GigabitEthernet2/0/0 Flags : D Destination : 2001:DB8:3::1 PrefixLength : 128 NextHop : ::1 Preference : 0 Cost : 0 Protocol : Direct RelayNextHop : :: TunnelID : 0x0 Interface : GigabitEthernet2/0/0 Flags : D Destination : FE80:: PrefixLength : 10 NextHop : :: Preference : 0 Cost : 0 Protocol : Direct RelayNextHop : :: TunnelID : 0x0 Interface : NULL0 Flags : D - 配置Tunnel接口
# 配置DeviceA。
[~DeviceA] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/0
[*DeviceA-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] binding tunnel gre
[*DeviceA-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] quit
[*DeviceA] commit
[~DeviceA] interface tunnel 1
[*DeviceA-Tunnel1] tunnel-protocol gre ipv6
[*DeviceA-Tunnel1] ipv6 enable
[*DeviceA-Tunnel1] ipv6 address 2001:db8:5::1/64
[*DeviceA-Tunnel1] source 2001:db8:1::1
[*DeviceA-Tunnel1] destination 2001:db8:2::1
[*DeviceA-Tunnel1] quit
[*DeviceA] commit
# 配置DeviceC。
[~DeviceC] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/0
[*DeviceC-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] binding tunnel gre
[*DeviceC-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] quit
[*DeviceC] commit
[~DeviceC] interface tunnel 1
[*DeviceC-Tunnel1] tunnel-protocol gre ipv6
[*DeviceC-Tunnel1] ipv6 enable
[*DeviceC-Tunnel1] ipv6 address 2001:db8:5::2/64
[*DeviceC-Tunnel1] source 2001:db8:2::1
[*DeviceC-Tunnel1] destination 2001:db8:1::1
[*DeviceC-Tunnel1] quit
[*DeviceC] commit
配置完成后，Tunnel接口状态变为Up，Tunnel接口之间可以Ping通。
# 以DeviceA的显示为例：
[~DeviceA] display ipv6 interface Tunnel1
Tunnel1 current state : UP IPv6 protocol current state : UP IPv6 is enabled, link-local address is FE80::200:174:A191:F872 Global unicast address(es): 2001:DB8:5::1, subnet is 2001:DB8:5::/64 Joined group address(es): FF02::1:FF00:1 FF02::1:FF91:F872 FF02::2 FF02::1 MTU is 1448 bytes ND DAD is enabled, number of DAD attempts: 1 ND reachable time is 1200000 milliseconds ND retransmit interval is 1000 milliseconds Hosts use stateless autoconfig for addresses[~DeviceA] ping ipv6 -a 2001:db8:5::1 2001:db8:5::2
PING 2001:DB8:5::2 : 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 2001:DB8:5::2 bytes=56 Sequence=1 hop limit=64 time=6 ms Reply from 2001:DB8:5::2 bytes=56 Sequence=2 hop limit=64 time=5 ms Reply from 2001:DB8:5::2 bytes=56 Sequence=3 hop limit=64 time=5 ms Reply from 2001:DB8:5::2 bytes=56 Sequence=4 hop limit=64 time=6 ms Reply from 2001:DB8:5::2 bytes=56 Sequence=5 hop limit=64 time=4 ms --- 2001:DB8:5::2 ping statistics--- 5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max=4/5/6 ms - 配置IPv6静态路由
# 配置DeviceA。
[~DeviceA] ipv6 route-static 2001:db8:4:: 64 tunnel1
[*DeviceA] commit
# 配置DeviceC。
[~DeviceC] ipv6 route-static 2001:db8:3:: 64 tunnel1
[*DeviceC] commit
- 检查配置结果
配置完成后，在DeviceA和DeviceC上执行display ipv6 routing-table命令，可以看到使用Tunnel接口去往对端用户侧网段的IPv6静态路由。
# 以DeviceA的显示为例。
[~DeviceA] display ipv6 routing-table
Routing Table : _public_ Destinations : 12 Routes : 12 Destination : ::1 PrefixLength : 128 NextHop : ::1 Preference : 0 Cost : 0 Protocol : Direct RelayNextHop : :: TunnelID : 0x0 Interface : InLoopBack0 Flags : D Destination : ::FFFF:127.0.0.0 PrefixLength : 104 NextHop : ::FFFF:127.0.0.1 Preference : 0 Cost : 0 Protocol : Direct RelayNextHop : :: TunnelID : 0x0 Interface : InLoopBack0 Flags : D Destination : ::FFFF:127.0.0.1 PrefixLength : 128 NextHop : ::1 Preference : 0 Cost : 0 Protocol : Direct RelayNextHop : :: TunnelID : 0x0 Interface : InLoopBack0 Flags : D Destination : 2001:DB8:1:: PrefixLength : 64 NextHop : 2001:DB8:1::1 Preference : 0 Cost : 0 Protocol : Direct RelayNextHop : :: TunnelID : 0x0 Interface : GigabitEthernet1/0/0 Flags : D Destination : 2001:DB8:1::1 PrefixLength : 128 NextHop : ::1 Preference : 0 Cost : 0 Protocol : Direct RelayNextHop : :: TunnelID : 0x0 Interface : GigabitEthernet1/0/0 Flags : D Destination : 2001:DB8:2:: PrefixLength : 64 NextHop : FE80::3A00:10FF:FE03:0 Preference : 10 Cost : 2 Protocol : OSPFv3 RelayNextHop : :: TunnelID : 0x0 Interface : GigabitEthernet1/0/0 Flags : D Destination : 2001:DB8:3:: PrefixLength : 64 NextHop : 2001:DB8:3::1 Preference : 0 Cost : 0 Protocol : Direct RelayNextHop : :: TunnelID : 0x0 Interface : GigabitEthernet2/0/0 Flags : D Destination : 2001:DB8:3::1 PrefixLength : 128 NextHop : ::1 Preference : 0 Cost : 0 Protocol : Direct RelayNextHop : :: TunnelID : 0x0 Interface : GigabitEthernet2/0/0 Flags : D Destination : 2001:DB8:4:: PrefixLength : 64 NextHop : 2001:DB8:5::1 Preference : 60 Cost : 0 Protocol : Static RelayNextHop : :: TunnelID : 0x0 Interface : Tunnel1 Flags : D Destination : 2001:DB8:5:: PrefixLength : 64 NextHop : 2001:DB8:5::1 Preference : 0 Cost : 0 Protocol : Direct RelayNextHop : :: TunnelID : 0x0 Interface : Tunnel1 Flags : D Destination : 2001:DB8:5::1 PrefixLength : 128 NextHop : ::1 Preference : 0 Cost : 0 Protocol : Direct RelayNextHop : :: TunnelID : 0x0 Interface : Tunnel1 Flags : D Destination : FE80:: PrefixLength : 10 NextHop : :: Preference : 0 Cost : 0 Protocol : Direct RelayNextHop : :: TunnelID : 0x0 Interface : NULL0 Flags : D
配置文件
DeviceA的配置文件
# sysname DeviceA # ospfv3 1 router-id 1.1.1.1 area 0.0.0.0 # interface GigabitEthernet1/0/0 undo shutdown ipv6 enable ipv6 address 2001:DB8:1::1/64 ospfv3 1 area 0.0.0.0 binding tunnel gre # interface GigabitEthernet2/0/0 undo shutdown ipv6 enable ipv6 address 2001:DB8:3::1/64 # interface Tunnel1 ipv6 enable ipv6 address 2001:DB8:5::1/64 tunnel-protocol gre ipv6 source 2001:DB8:1::1 destination 2001:DB8:2::1 # ipv6 route-static 2001:DB8:4:: 64 Tunnel1 # return
DeviceB的配置文件
# sysname DeviceB # ospfv3 1 router-id 2.2.2.2 area 0.0.0.0 # interface GigabitEthernet1/0/0 undo shutdown ipv6 enable ipv6 address 2001:DB8:1::2/64 ospfv3 1 area 0.0.0.0 # interface GigabitEthernet2/0/0 undo shutdown ipv6 enable ipv6 address 2001:DB8:2::2/64 ospfv3 1 area 0.0.0.0 # return
DeviceC的配置文件
# sysname DeviceC # ospfv3 1 router-id 3.3.3.3 area 0.0.0.0 # interface GigabitEthernet1/0/0 undo shutdown ipv6 enable ipv6 address 2001:DB8:2::1/64 ospfv3 1 area 0.0.0.0 binding tunnel gre # interface GigabitEthernet2/0/0 undo shutdown ipv6 enable ipv6 address 2001:DB8:4::1/64 # interface Tunnel1 ipv6 enable ipv6 address 2001:DB8:5::2/64 tunnel-protocol gre ipv6 source 2001:DB8:2::1 destination 2001:DB8:1::1 # ipv6 route-static 2001:DB8:3:: 64 Tunnel1 # return
